饲粮粗蛋白质水平对5~9月龄生长水牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响及其可消化粗蛋白质需要量的预测  

Apparent Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Growing Water Buffalo Aged 5 to 9 Months and Its Digestible Crude Protein Requirement Prediction

作　　者：阮莉珺 邓颖朝 姚毅沛 魏才翔 覃广胜[2] 王蕊张卉 邹彩霞[1] RUAN Lijun;DENG Yingzhao;YAO Yipei;WEI Caixiang;QIN Guangsheng;WANG Ruizhanghui;ZOU Caixia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530003,China;Buffalo Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,南宁530003 [2]中国农业科学院水牛研究所,南宁530001

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第6期3713-3724,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(2021GXNSFAA196034);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22068099-5)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平对5~9月龄生长水牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响,并对其可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)需要量进行预测。选取24头平均体重为(210.61±6.43)kg、体况相近的健康5~9月龄生长水牛,随机分为3组,即低CP水平(12.49%)饲粮组(LP组)、中CP水平(15.64%)饲粮组(MP组)、高CP水平(18.79%)饲粮组(HP组),每组8个重复,每个重复1头牛。预试期15 d,正试期50 d。饲养试验结束后,每组随机选5头牛进行为期5 d的消化试验,采集粪样和饲粮样,根据粪样和饲粮样中CP含量计算DCP采食量(DCPI),通过析因式原理,建立DCP需要量的回归方程。结果显示:1)MP组和HP组生长水牛的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于LP组(P<0.05);MP组和HP组的干物质采食量(DMI)显著高于LP组(P<0.05)。2)MP组的CP和干物质(DM)表观消化率显著高于LP组(P<0.05);MP组和HP组的粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率显著高于LP组(P<0.05);MP组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率显著高于LP组和HP组(P<0.05)。3)HP组的瘤胃液氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度显著高于LH组和MP组(P<0.05);LP组的瘤胃液乙酸浓度显著高于HP组(P<0.05);LP组的瘤胃液异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸浓度显著高于MP组和HP组(P<0.05),同时MP组的瘤胃液异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸浓度显著高于HP组(P<0.05);MP组和HP组的瘤胃液丁酸/总挥发性脂肪酸比值显著高于LP组(P<0.05)。4)按照析因法计算得出生长水牛(体重256 kg左右)维持DCP需要量为3.51 g/(kg W^(0.75)·d),每千克增重所需的DCP为266.87 g。综上所述,饲喂CP水平为15.87%的饲粮可以提高5~9月龄生长水牛的DM、CP、EE和NDF表观消化率以及瘤胃液中乙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸的浓度,有利于提高瘤胃中微生物的活性,进而提高饲料转化效率,促进生长水牛对饲粮中养分的消化吸收。5~9月龄生长水牛的DCP需要量模型为:DCP=3.51W^(0.75)+266.87ΔW(式中:DCP为DCP需要量,g/d;W^(0.75)为代谢The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein(CP)level on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters of growing water buffalo aged 5 to 9 months,and to project the digestible crude protein(DCP)requirement of growing water buffalo.Twenty-four healthy growing water buffalo with the body weight of(210.61±6.43)kg and similar body condition were selected for the experiment.They were randomly divided into three groups:low CP level(12.72%)diet group(LP group),medium CP level(15.87%)diet group(MP group),and high CP level(19.02%)diet group(HP group),with 8 replicates per group and one buffalo per replicate.The pre-experimental period was 15 days,and the formal experimental period was 50 days.At the end of the feeding trial,each group randomly selects 5 buffalo for a 5-day digestion trial,collecting fecal and diet samples.Based on the CP content in the fecal and diet samples,the DCP intake was calculated and a prediction model for the requirement of DCP was established according to the principle of factorization.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain(ADG)of growing water buffalo in the MP and HP groups was significantly higher than that of the LP group(P<0.05);the dry matter intake(DMI)of the MP and HP groups was significantly higher than that of the LP group(P<0.05).2)The apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP)and dry matter(DM)in the MP group was significantly higher than that in the LP group(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of ether extract(EE)in the MP and HP groups was significantly higher than that in the LP group(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)in the MP group was significantly higher than that in the LP and HP groups(P<0.05).3)The concentration of rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)in the HP group was significantly higher than that in the LH and MP groups(P<0.05);the concentration of rumen fluid acetate in the LP group was significantly higher than that in the HP group(P<0.05);the

关 键 词：生长水牛 粗蛋白质水平 生长性能 养分表观消化率 可消化粗蛋白质需要量 

分 类 号：S823.83[农业科学—畜牧学]