我国钴资源产业发展现状、问题与对策  

Analysis of Development of China’s Cobalt Industry:Current Status,Problems and Countermeasures

作　　者：段俊[1] 徐刚[1] 汤中立[1] 闫海卿[1] 刘君泰 陈阳阳[1] 刘奇 Duan Jun;Xu Gang;Tang Zhongli;Yan Haiqing;Liu Juntai;Chen Yangyang;Liu Qi(School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Second Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安710054 [2]甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质矿产勘查院,兰州730020

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2024年第3期98-107,共10页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“面向新能源、新材料的战略矿产保障研究”(2022-XY-82);“新形势下我国钾锂等关键战略性矿产资源-产业高质量发展战略研究”(2023-XY-20);“我国能源安全战略研究”(2022-JB-05);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JM 157,2023-JC-YB-224)。

摘　　要：钴金属是新能源行业发展所必需的材料。根据钴资源产业最新数据,本文通过分析全球及我国钴资源禀赋、钴精矿与精炼钴供需情况和钴资源产业政策,得出我国钴资源产业发展存在的问题为:我国钴矿资源极其稀缺,但却是全球第一大精炼钴生产国和消费国;超高的对外依存度叠加不可替代的单一进口来源,使得我国钴资源保障面临重大隐患。针对上述问题,提出下列钴资源保障对策:加强我国钴矿资源有效增储举措;拓展多元化钴资源进口渠道,确保稳定获取境外钴矿资源;实施扶持性政策,帮扶海外中资企业钴资源平稳产出;建立钴资源储备体系,提高钴资源保障能力;提升钴资源综合利用技术水平,增加可利用钴资源量;重视海底铁锰结核(结壳)等潜在钴资源开采方案研究。Cobalt is an essential material for the development of the new energy industry.Based on the latest data regarding the cobalt resource industry of China and worldwide,this study analyzes the challenges faced by the development of China’s cobalt resource industry from the aspects of cobalt resource endowment,supply-demand situation of cobalt concentrate and refined cobalt,and industry policy.China is the world’s largest producer of refined cobalt and largest consumer of cobalt;however,its cobalt resources are extremely scarce and its ultra-high dependence on foreign countries and single source of imports have put China’s cobalt resource security at risk.In response to the above problems,we propose the following countermeasures:(1)adopting effective measures to increase China’s cobalt reserves;(2)diversifying cobalt import channels to ensure a stable access to overseas cobalt resources;(3)implementing supportive policies to help China-invested overseas enterprises stabilize their production;(4)establishing a cobalt reserve system to improve the cobalt resource guarantee capacity of China;(5)strengthening the comprehensive utilization technologies to increase the amount of available cobalt resources;and(6)emphasizing research of potential cobalt resources,such as sea-floor cobalt resources in ferromanganese nodules and crusts.

关 键 词：钴资源 钴精矿 精炼钴 对外依存度 钴产业链 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P617[天文地球—地质学] P618