战略矿产海运通道安全研究——以铁矿石为例  

Maritime Transportation Security of Strategic Minerals:A Case Study of Iron Ore

作　　者：薄艾 谢永顺 何兆阳 王成金[1,2] 勾艺超 Bo Ai;Xie Yongshun;He Zhaoyang;Wang Chengjin;Gou Yichao(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2024年第3期142-151,共10页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071151);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M741886);中国工程院咨询项目“中国矿产资源安全战略研究”(2022-XBZD-27)。

摘　　要：战略矿产是维护国家安全和稳定发展的基石,保持海运通道畅通是保障战略矿产进口安全的关键举措。本文梳理了我国战略矿产进口及海运通道整体格局,以铁矿石海运进口网络为例,对重要海运通道进行重要性评价和失效影响评估,最后总结了重要海运通道的风险来源,并提出了相应的风险应对策略。研究发现:我国战略矿产进口对海运通道的依赖性极强;在铁矿石海运案例研究中,识别出了海运通道的重要性及失效影响情况,建议构建差异化、精细化应对策略,重视对好望角、龙目海峡等运输通道的保护,重点关注大尺寸船舶的航运安全。我国战略矿产海运通道的风险主要来自航道通行、国际争端与战争威胁、非传统安全等3个方面,对此可实施多领域应对策略,包括打造多元战略支点、构建多维预警系统与替代航线响应机制、加强跨境铁海联运通道建设、开展预防性外交工作、完善海上保障体系、实施等级化和差异化的风险应对措施等。Strategic minerals are the cornerstone of national security and stable development.China’s strategic mineral imports are highly dependent on maritime transport,and ensuring smooth maritime routes is crucial for safeguarding the security of strategic mineral imports.This study analyzes the overall pattern of China’s strategic mineral imports and maritime routes.Taking the iron ore maritime import network as an example,the study evaluates the importance and failure impacts of key maritime routes,summarizes the risk sources of important maritime routes,and proposes corresponding security strategies.The research finds that China’s strategic mineral imports are highly dependent on maritime routes.Based on the case study of iron ore maritime transport,the importance and failure impacts of maritime routes are identified.It is suggested to build differentiated and refined response strategies,focus on the protection of the Cape of Good Hope and the Lombok Strait transport corridor network,and pay attention to the safe navigation of large vessels.The risks of maritime routes for China’s strategic minerals mainly come from three aspects:navigational passages,international disputes and war threats,and non-traditional security issues.In response,multi-domain response strategies can be implemented,including building multiple strategic pivot nodes,constructing a multidimensional early warning system and an alternative route response mechanism,strengthening the construction of cross-border rail-sea intermodal transport corridors,conducting preventive diplomatic work,improving the maritime security system,and implementing hierarchical and differentiated risk-response measures.

关 键 词：战略矿产 海运通道 安全风险 失效影响 铁矿石 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]