上海某铸造企业粉尘职业病危害及防护措施分析  

Analysis on occupational hazards and protective measures of dust in a foundry enterprise in Shanghai City

作　　者：施丽华 燕楠 SHI Lihua;YAN Nan(Occupational Health Evaluation Department,Shanghai Hudong Hospital Test Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai,201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海沪东医院检测有限公司职业卫生评价部,上海201203

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第8期1024-1028,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 研究上海某铸造企业生产车间可能产生的粉尘职业病危害及采取的防护措施,以期为铸造企业防治粉尘提供基础依据。方法 2021年11月,对该铸造企业接触粉尘作业过程进行调查和检测,依据工作场所生产性粉尘分级方法对其可能接触的粉尘职业病危害进行作业等级分级,同时对该铸造企业配置的工程防护措施和个体防护用品进行防护水平分析。结果 本次对该铸造企业生产车间选取了17个接触粉尘岗位开展检测与分析,结果显示,粉尘总体合格率为59%,其中1个造型工作位、3个制芯机工作位、2个清砂工作位、1个模具吹扫清理工作位的粉尘检测结果全部超标。其作业分级为,造型工作位(矽尘,50%<游离SiO_(2)含量≤80%)、模具吹扫清理工作位(矽尘,10%≤游离SiO_(2)含量≤50%)的作业分级为Ⅰ级(轻度危害作业);制芯机工作位、清砂工作位[矽尘,50%<游离SiO_(2)含量≤80%(总尘)]的作业分级为Ⅱ级(中度危害作业);其余岗位的粉尘检测结果均合格,其作业分级为0级(相对无害作业)。通过对各超标岗位的危害因数计算,其岗位危害因数均<10,作业人员正确佩戴3M9042自吸过滤式防尘半面罩后,各超标岗位对粉尘的预期暴露浓度均低于国家职业卫生标准。结论 该铸造企业造型、制芯、清砂、模具吹扫清理的矽尘危害较大,应加强通风除尘等工程防护设施的更新和维护保养,并监督作业人员正确佩戴个体防护用品,同时应做好作业人员职业健康检查工作,减少粉尘对作业人员的健康影响。Objective To study the occupational hazards of dust that may occur in the production workshop and protective measures of a casting enterprise in Shanghai City,in order to provide a basic basis for dust prevention and control in the casting enterprise.Methods In November 2021,an investigation and testing were conducted on the dust exposure process of the casting enterprise.Based on the classification method of workplace productive dust,the occupational hazards of dust that may be exposed in the enterprise were classified.At the same time,the protection level of the engineering protective measures and personal protective equipment configured by the casting enterprise was analyzed.Results Totally 17 positions exposed to dust were selected for testing and analysis in the production workshop of the casting enterprise.The results showed that the overall pass rate of dust was 59%,and the dust detection results of one modeling workstation,three core making machine workstations,two sand cleaning workstations,and one mold blowing and cleaning workstation all exceeded the standard.The job classification was as follows:modeling workstation(silicon dust,50%< free SiO_(2) content ≤80%) and mold blowing and cleaning workstation(silicon dust,10%≤free SiO_(2) content≤50%) were class Ⅰ(mild hazard operation),core making machine workstation and sand cleaning workstation[silicon dust,50%<free SiO_(2) content≤80%(total dust)] were class Ⅱ(moderate hazard operation).The dust detection results of other positions were all qualified,and the positions were classified as class 0(relatively harmless operations).By calculating the hazard factors of each exceeding standard position,it was found that their hazard factors were all <10.After the operators correctly wore 3M9042 self suction filter dust semi mask,the expected exposure concentration of dust in each exceeding standard position was lower than the national occupational health standards.Conclusion The silicon dust generated by the modeling,core making,sand cleaning,and mold

关 键 词：铸造企业 职业病危害 粉尘危害作业分级 防护措施 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]