2004—2022年南京市学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of school public health emergencies in Nanjing City from 2004 to 2022

作　　者：张钟[1] 孙红敏 许阳婷[1] 卞增惠[1] 范华锋[1] ZHANG Zhong;SUN Hongmin;XU Yangting;BIAN Zenghui;FAN Huafeng(Ofice of Public Health Emergencies,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing Jiangsu,210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心卫生应急办公室,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第8期1111-1115,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(GBX22308,GAX23300)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2004—2022年南京市学校突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为制定针对性防控政策和措施提供参考依据。方法 收集整理2004—2022年南京市“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”中的数据,运用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2004—2022年南京市共报告学校突发公共卫生事件228起,98.25%的事件(224起)为传染病类突发事件,首位是水痘(114起),其次为其他感染性腹泻、流行性感冒和流行性腮腺炎。2004—2022年突发公共卫生事件发生率年度百分比变化有3个为转折点,分别在2006、2014和2019年,2006年之后的三段变化差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);全年呈现两个高峰,其中11—12月份是全年的高峰期。南京市南部郊区突发事件报告发生率较高,南京市空间自相关差异有统计学意义(Moran’s I=0.123,Z=2.24,P=0.025)。突发事件主要发生在小学和托幼机构(73.25%);不同年份、不同学段学校的突发事件涉及的传染病事件种类不同。事件发现主要依赖医疗机构和学校报告。结论 2004—2022年不同学段南京市学校突发公共卫生事件主要病种有差异,水痘和小学是突发事件防控的重点病种和学段。应做好跟踪监测,力争在事件早期主动发现并处置疫情,并且及时开展疫情分析,掌握突发公共卫生事件特征变化情况。Objective To Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school public health emergencies(PHEs) in Nanjing City from 2004 to 2022,so as to provide a scientific evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control policies and measures.Methods The data were collected and organized from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System and analyzed by descriptive method.Results From 2004 to 2022,a total of 228 PHEs were reported in Nanjing City,98.25%(224 PHEs) of which were caused by infectious diseases,with chickenpox(114 PHEs),as the first,followed by other infectious diarrhea,influenza and mumps.There were three turning points in the annual percentage change of PHEs from 2004 to 2022,namely in 2006,2014,and2019,the three changes after 2006 were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There were two peaks throughout the year,with November December being the peak period.The reported incidence of emergencies in the southern suburbs of Nanjing City was relatively high,and there was a statistically significant in spatial autocorrelation in Nanjing City(Moran's I=0.123,Z=2.24,P=0.025).PHEs mainly occurred in primary schools and kindergartens(73.25%).The types of infectious disease incidents involved in emergencies in schools of different years and age groups were different.The discovery of the incident mainly relies on reports from medical institutions and schools.Conclusions From 2004 to 2022,there were differences in the main diseases of PHEs in Nanjing City,with chickenpox and primary school being the key diseases and stages for emergency prevention and control.We should do a good job of tracking and monitoring,strive to proactively detect and deal with the epidemic in the early stage of the event,and conduct timely epidemic analysis to grasp the characteristics and changes of PHE.

关 键 词：学校 突发公共卫生事件 传染病 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]