马克思的“建构”概念  

On Marx's Concept of Construction

作　　者：鲁克俭 Lu Kejian

机构地区：[1]海南大学马克思主义学院 [2]海南大学马克思主义文本研究中心,海南海口570228

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2024年第5期49-57,共9页Studies on Marxist Theory

摘　　要：体现主体性和能动性的“建构”是德国观念论的重要概念,贯穿了从康德到黑格尔思想发展的全过程。与“否定”概念相比,“建构”更能体现主体的能动性,是黑格尔辩证法的真精神。马克思在唯物主义基础上扬弃了黑格尔的建构原则,提出了现实建构。其核心是“具体-抽象-具体”的研究方法,即“人体解剖”的典型化方法。第一个“具体”是感性具体,“抽象”是知性抽象。第二个“具体”是思想具体,仍然是抽象具体,但相对于知性抽象来说,是理性(辩证)抽象。思想具体(理性抽象)而非知性抽象才是体系叙述的起点。对马克思而言,创造性建构比简单的否定更重要。Construction,which embodies subjectivity and agency,is an important concept in German idealism,running from Kant to Hegel.Construction rather than negation embodies subjectivity and agency,and the true spirit of Hegelian dialectic is the principle of construction rather than negation.Marx further developed the principle of construction into real construction,on the basis of materialism.Its core is the inquiry method of"concrete-abstract-concrete',i.e.,the typification method of the man anatomy.The first"concrete"is perceptual concrete,and the"abstract"is intellectual abstraction.The second"concrete"is a mental concretum,which is stll an abstract concretum,but a rational(i.e.dialectical)abstraction as opposed to an intellectual abstraction.Rational abstraction rather than intellectual abstraction is the starting point of a systematic presentation.For Marx,creative construction is more important than simple negation.

关 键 词：马克思 结构 先验建构 现实建构 社会科学方法论 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]