马克思拜物教批判理论的双重向度  

The Dual Dimensions of Marx's Critical Theory of Fetishism

作　　者：孔婷 Kong Ting

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2024年第5期68-75,共8页Studies on Marxist Theory

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助暨优秀博士论文项目“马克思拜物教批判理论及其当代价值”(22FYB005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思拜物教批判理论包含着对资本主义的双重批判:第一重批判是对资本主义社会中“物”的政治经济学批判。通过对资本“社会规定性”的考察,马克思揭示了“资本的本质是一种社会关系”,打破了“普遍永恒资本”的幻想,破解了资本主义社会的历史之谜。第二重批判是对资本主义社会中“物统治人”的哲学批判。通过对资本逻辑的还原,马克思揭示了物的关系对人的关系的遮蔽,指认了个体独立性的丧失,破解了个人受物统治的拜物教之谜。从对“物的批判”到对“人的批判”,马克思以显明的形式将政治经济学批判上升为哲学批判,展现出其对“人的全面而自由发展”价值旨归的最终追求。Marx's critical theory of fetishism contains a"dual critique"of capitalism:the first aspect is the political and economic critique of"things"in capitalist society.Through examining the"formal determinacy"of capital,Marx revealed that"the essence of capital is a social relationship",breaking the illusion of"universal eternal capital and unraveling the historical mystery of capitalist society.The second aspect is a philosophical critique of the rule of things over individuals in capitalist society.Through the restoration of the logic of capital,Marx revealed the obscuration of the relationship between things and people,identified the loss of individual independence,and solved the mystery of fetishism in which individuals are subject to abstract rule.From the criticism of"things"to the criticism of"people",Marx elevated his political and economic criticism to philosophical criticism in a clear form,demonstrating his ultimate pursuit of the value of"comprehensive and free development of human beings"。

关 键 词：拜物教批判理论 双重批判 政治经济学批判 哲学批判 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]