人类增强的技术谱系与伦理议题——兼论“人-技术”关系  

The Technology Spectrum and Ethical Issues of Human Enhancement——Including a Discussion on the"Human-Technology"Relationship

作　　者：王昊晟 李恒威[3] WANG Hao-sheng;LI Heng-wei(Department of Philosophy,Party School of Zhejiang Provincial Committee of C.P.C,Hangzhou 311121,China;School of Literature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]中共浙江省委党校哲学教研部,杭州311121 [2]浙江大学文学院,杭州310058 [3]浙江大学哲学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2024年第3期76-83,共8页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“心智的生命观研究”(20BZX045);国家社科基金重大项目“马克思主义认识论与认知科学范式的相关性研究”(22&ZD034);科技部科技创新2030“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目(2021ZD0200409);浙江省哲学社会科学规划青年课题“后人类哲学与当代科技文化思潮的相关性研究”(24NDQN066YB)。

摘　　要：人类增强致力于通过科学技术手段改善或增强人类的生理和心智能力。我们正见证一个从自然界赋予的“先天增强”向技术驱动的“后天增强”的转变。然而,这一转变也带来了复杂的伦理挑战,这些挑战不仅涉及技术本身的发展,还涉及对个人和社会的深远影响。因此,文章尝试对人类增强的技术谱系及其伦理议题进行更全景的扫描:(1)梳理当前主要的人类增强技术,并从支撑技术、增强类型、技术成熟度三个维度进行谱系分类;(2)探讨人类增强技术的伦理议题,包括自我所有权、公平正义、物种存续等,揭示人类增强技术在个体、社群和物种三个尺度上对人类的影响;(3)更广义地对“人-技术”关系进行哲学审视,解读人类与技术之间日益紧密且复杂的关系,以期实现技术与人类之间平衡、和谐的协同演化和反身演化。Human enhancement is dedicated to improving or enhancing human physiological and mental capabilities through scientific and technological means.We are witnessing a transition from"congenital enhancement"granted by nature to"acquired enhancement"driven by technology.However,this transition also brings complex ethical challenges that involve not only the development of technology itself but also its profound impacts on individuals and society.Therefore,the article attempts to conduct a more panoramic scan of the technology spectrum and its ethical issues related to human enhancement:(1)outlining the current main human enhancement technology,and classif-ying them from three dimensions:supporting technology,type of enhancement,and technological maturity;(2)discussing the ethical issues of human enhancement technology,including self-ownership,fairness and justice,and species continuity,to reveal the impacts of human enhancement technology on individuals,communities,and species;(3)more broadly examining the philosophical perspective on the"human-technology"relationship,in-terpreting the increasingly close and complex relationship between humans and technology,with the aim of achie-ving a balanced,harmonious co-evolution and reflexive evolution between technology and humanity.

关 键 词：人类增强 伦理议题 人类中心主义 超人类主义 赛博格 “人-技术”关系 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]