人工智能在肾活检组织结构识别及病理诊断中的应用  

Application of artificial intelligence in tissue structure recognition and pathological diagnosis of kidney biopsy

作　　者：王欣瑜 张丁丹 韩伟霞[1,3] 王晨[1] 李荣山[3] Wang Xinyu;Zhang Dingdan;Han Weixia;Wang Chen;Li Rongshan(Department of Pathology,Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;School of Basic Medical Sciences,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Postdoctoral Workstation of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University(Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital),Taiyuan 030012,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学第二医院病理科,太原030001 [2]山西医科大学基础医学院,太原030001 [3]山西医科大学第五临床医学院(山西省人民医院)博士后工作站,太原030012

出　　处：《中华肾脏病杂志》2024年第5期403-410,共8页Chinese Journal of Nephrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82100770);山西省基础研究计划(20210302124288);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L191)。

摘　　要：肾活检是肾脏疾病诊断和管理中必不可少的部分。近年来,基于卷积神经网络的人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)技术的迅速发展,极大地推进了其在肾脏病学领域的应用。本文聚焦AI在肾活检组织结构识别及病理诊断中的研究,从光镜、免疫荧光、电镜三个维度对AI在肾组织结构及病理特征的识别与分割、辅助疾病诊断等的应用展开阐述,为AI应用于肾脏病理研究及精准医学领域提供参考与借鉴。Renal biopsy has been an essential part of the diagnosis and management of kidney disease.In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology based on convolutional neural networks has significantly facilitated its utilization in nephrology.This article focuses on the research of AI in the recognition of tissue structure and pathological diagnosis of kidney biopsy.It elaborates on the identification and segmentation of kidney tissue structure and pathological features,as well as its auxiliary role in disease diagnosis across three dimensions:light microscopy,immunofluorescence,and electron microscopy.The aim is to provide a reference for the application of AI in renal pathology research and precision medicine.

关 键 词：人工智能 深度学习 病理学 活组织检查 病理特征 辅助诊断 

分 类 号：R692[医药卫生—泌尿科学]