基于定热负荷的自然通风湿式冷却塔防冻特性三维数值研究  

Three-dimensional numerical study on anti-freezing characteristics of natural draft wet cooling tower at constant heat load

作　　者：王中华 石秀刚 岳增刚 王伟 马成辉 郭常敏 赵元宾[3] WANG Zhonghua;SHI Xiugang;YUE Zenggang;WANG Wei;MA Chenghui;GUO Changmin;ZHAO Yuanbin(Jining Huayuan Thermal Power Co.,Ltd.,Jining 272113,China;Jinan Lanchen Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250101,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁华源热电有限公司,山东济宁272113 [2]济南蓝辰能源技术有限公司,山东济南250101 [3]山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东济南250061

出　　处：《热力发电》2024年第6期132-141,共10页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程(2022TSGC1026);中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-HF107)。

摘　　要：针对湿式冷却塔(湿冷塔)冬季运行易出现填料底层、进风口上缘等位置易挂冰的实际问题,建立了基于定热负荷的自然通风湿冷塔三维数值模型,探究了湿冷塔在严寒天气不外加防冻装置运行时的防冻特性规律,分析了填料底层水温、通风量等关键参数的变化特征及影响因素。研究结果表明:环境温度越低,机组负荷对填料底层平均水温、最低水温的影响越大;填料底层水温偏差变化的主要因素是机组负荷、环境风速、配水方式,其中配水方式的影响幅度较大,机组负荷次之,环境风速影响较小;通风量与机组负荷呈正相关关系,与环境温度呈负相关关系;环境温度相同时,外圈配水下的通风量小于全塔配水;迎风侧内部较低处及背风侧外部的水温最低,冻结风险最大,湿冷塔冬季运行时,应着重在迎风侧和背风侧进行防冻装置布置。Against the actual problems that the wet cooling tower is easy to hang ice at the bottom of the packing and the upper edge of the inlet in winter,a three-dimensional numerical model of the cooling tower based on the constant heat load is established.The anti-freezing characteristics of the cooling tower in severe cold weather without anti-freezing device are explored,and the variation characteristics and influencing factors of key parameters such as the water temperature distribution of packing bottom and the air mass flow at tower top outlet are analyzed.The results show that,the lower the ambient temperature,the greater the influence of the unit load on the average water temperature and the lowest water temperature at the bottom of the packing.The main factors affecting the change of the difference between the average water temperature and the lowest water temperature at the packing bottom include unit load,wind velocities and water distribution mode.Among them,the influence of water distribution mode is greater,followed by unit load,and the influence of wind velocities is less.The air mass flow at tower top outlet is positively correlated with the unit load and negatively correlated with the ambient temperature.When the ambient temperature is the same,the air mass flow at tower top outlet of the outer ring with underwater is less than that of the full tower.The water temperature inside the lower part of the windward side and the outside of the leeward side is the lowest,and the freezing risk is the greatest.When the wet cooling tower is running in winter,the anti-freezing device should be arranged on the windward side and the leeward side.

关 键 词：湿式冷却塔 防冻特性 填料 水温偏差 定热负荷 

分 类 号：TM621[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]