论生物学中的功能概念及其目的论蕴含  

Biological Functions and Their Teleological Implications

作　　者：陆俏颖 周理乾 LU Qiaoying;ZHOU Liqian(Department of Philosophy,Peking University,Beijing,100871;Department of Philosophy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871 [2]上海交通大学哲学系,上海200240

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第7期1-9,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目青年项目“当代生物学中的基因及其因果性研究”(项目编号:21CZX024)。

摘　　要：自从自然选择学说被广泛接受,生命世界的目的性被认为可用物理过程来解释。然而,目的论陈述在生物学中却普遍存在。本文以功能概念的争议为线索,分析了不同功能概念的目的论蕴含及其与科学解释的关联。早期的逻辑进路尝试将功能陈述还原为逻辑关系,但并不成功。之后的主流理解分为选择效应功能和因果角色功能两类。前者将功能定位于真实的演化历史,以此来合法化生物目的论。在这种理解下,功能解释是一种独特的演化解释。后者则通过系统当前的物理因果来定义功能。此类理解将功能解释纳入到机制解释中,其后果是彻底取消目的论。后续的讨论试图澄清两类功能之间的关系,此时规范性功能的目的论蕴含从演化历史转变为了有机体的存续。The widespread acceptance of natural selection has led to the belief that telos in the natural world can be explained by physical processes.However,teleological statements persist in current biology.This paper examines the teleological implications of different conceptions of function and their connections with scientific explanations.Early attempts to reduce functional statements to logical relations failed,leading to two main approaches:the selected effect function and the causal role function.The former grounds function in actual evolutionary history,legitimizing an account of biological teleology,while the latter defines function through physical causation in a target system,eliminating the normative aspect of function and biological teleology.Subsequent discussions explore the relationships between the two approaches in which the teleological implications of normative function have changed from evolutionary history to the persistence of organisms.

关 键 词：功能 生物目的论 功能解释 选择效应功能 因果角色功能 

分 类 号：K826.15[历史地理—历史学] N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]