异速生长模型是生物学定律吗?——来自“进化偶然性论题”的挑战  

Are Allometric Models Biological Laws? The Challenge from “Evolutionary Contingency Thesis”

作　　者：李胜辉[1] LI Shenghui(School of Philosophy and Public Management,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan,475004)

机构地区：[1]河南大学哲学与公共管理学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第7期17-23,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：生物学中究竟有无定律一直是个充满争议的话题。最近,有学者试图表明生态学中的“异速生长模型”可以被视为定律,而反对者则基于约翰·比蒂的“进化偶然性论题”对其提出了挑战。这一挑战指出,异速生长模型可以被还原为几何学和物理学定律,因而它们不能被视为生物学定律。对它的一种回应是,在异速生长模型还原为物理学定律的过程中,作为“桥接定律”的生物物理学概括可能成为生物学定律。然而,对该回应的分析表明,其中的生物物理学概括是否存在还有待证明;即使可能存在,它们也是充满例外的偶适概括,仍会遭遇进化偶然性论题的挑战。因而,异速生长模型不能被视为生物学定律。Whether there are laws in biology has always been a controversial topic.Recently,some scholars try to show that the “allometric models” in ecology can be regarded as laws,while opponents challenge it based on John Beatty's “evolutionary contingency thesis”.This challenge points out that allometric models can be reduced to geometric and physical laws,so they cannot be regarded as biological laws.One response to it is that in the process of reducing the allometric models to the physical laws,the biophysical generalizations as the “bridge laws” may become biological laws.However,the analysis of this response shows that whether the biophysical generalizations exist still needs to be proven;even if they may exist,they are full of exceptions and still face the challenge of evolutionary contingency thesis.Therefore,the allometric models cannot be regarded as biological laws.

关 键 词：异速生长模型 进化偶然性论题 还原 桥接定律 

分 类 号：K826.15[历史地理—历史学] N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]