从最小感知到人类主观经验——戈弗雷-史密斯论意识的起源  

A Continuum from Minimal Sentience to Human's Subjective Experience:A Study of the Origin of Consciousness by Godfrey-Smith

作　　者：刘颖 LIU Ying(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第7期41-49,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：意识起源至今仍是一个充满挑战的未解之谜。哲学家戈弗雷-史密斯采用演化大历史的视角,自下而上地追溯并分析了那些对主观经验相关的关键生物演化事件。他提出了“主体性神经动力学”,强调生物能动性特征和以大规模动态属性为代表的基础神经系统特征对主观经验产生的重要作用。在此理论框架下,主观经验现象被描述为“格式塔”式的“经验档案”。而在讨论人类主观经验时,戈弗雷-史密斯提出了“广度+焦点”的独特构造。这一描绘方式,不仅使我们能够以一种自然的方式解读和理解人类日常经验,也揭示了在解释主观经验时两种科学范式的局限性。The origin of consciousness remains a challenging question.The Philosopher Godfrey-Smith adopted the perspective of evolutionary history,tracing and analyzing key biological evolutionary events related to subjective experience.He proposed the theory of “neural dynamics of subjectivity”,which emphasizes the important role of the characteristics of biological agency and the attributes of the basic nervous system represented by large-scale dynamic attributes in subjective experience.Within this theoretical framework,the phenomenon of subjective experience is defined as gestalt-like “experiential profile”.While discussing human subjective experience,Godfrey-Smith pointed out its unique structure of “breadth + focus.” This depiction of human subjective experience not only provides us with a natural way to understand human's everyday experiences but also demonstrates the limitations of both scientific paradigms in explaining subjective experience.

关 键 词：主体性神经动力学 主观经验 意识的演化 戈弗雷-史密斯 经验档案 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学] B082