空气制动隔离不缓解故障分析及方案优化  

Failure Analysis and Optimization of Non-release Isolation of Air Brakes

作　　者：焦东明 高珊 张丽丽 张海鹏 JIAO Dongming;GAO Shan;ZHANG Lili;ZHANG Haipeng(Product R&D Center,CRRC Tangshan Locomotive&Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 064000,China;School of Automatic Engineering,Tangshan Polytechnic College,Tangshan 063229,China)

机构地区：[1]中车唐山机车车辆有限公司产品研发中心,河北唐山064000 [2]唐山工业职业技术学院自动化工程学院,河北唐山063229

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2024年第3期164-168,共5页Rolling Stock

摘　　要：针对地铁车辆空气制动隔离不缓解故障,从制动系统的气路原理和控制逻辑进行了分析,根本原因是切除制动隔离塞门时,制动控制单元中排风阀打开,缓解制动缸压力,在缓解过程中,排风阀先导控制压力和制动缸压力同时下降,在接近结束时,由于排风阀先导控制压力不足会将排风阀自动关闭,导致制动缸中存在残余压力且大于25kPa时,制动系统会发出制动不缓解故障信号。为解决此问题,通过对切除制动隔离塞门后整个制动气路原理的分析,发现控制制动隔离塞门排风流量,实现制动控制单元中排风阀先导控制压力和闭合弹簧压力的合理匹配,可消除制动缸内的残余压力。AMESim软件搭建车辆架控气路仿真模型,模拟车辆切除制动隔离塞门的排风过程,监测该过程中紧急制动和最大常用制动时制动缸压力随时间的变化,确定能消除制动缸残余压力时隔离塞门排风口通径,将仿真确认的排风口通径进行试验验证,结果能有效解决地铁车辆空气制动隔离不缓解故障的问题。为其他车型架控制动系统存在空气制动隔离不缓解故障提供了解决问题的方向。Aiming at the failure of non-release isolation of metro vehicle air brakes,this paper analyzes the air circuit principle and control logic of the brake system.The fundamental reason is that when the brake isolation cock is removed,the exhaust valve in the brake control unit opens to release the brake cylinder pressure,and during the release process,the pilot control pressure of the exhaust valve and the brake cylinder pressure drop at the same time.Near the end,insufficient exhaust valve pilot control pressure will automatically close the exhaust valve,resulting in residual pressure in the brake cylinder greater than 25 kPa,and the brake system will issue a non-release brake fault signal.In order to solve this problem,by analyzing the principle of the whole brake air circuit after the brake isolation cock is removed,it is found that the residual pressure in the brake cylinder can be eliminated by controlling the exhaust air flow of the brake isolation cock and realizing the reasonable matching between the pilot control pressure of the exhaust valve and the closing spring pressure in the brake control unit.Vehicle bogie control air circuit simulation model is built with AMESim software to simulate the exhaust process of the vehicle when the brake isolation cock is removed,monitoring the process of emergency braking and the maximum common braking brake cylinder pressure changes over time,which can determine the isolation cock exhaust diameter that can eliminate the residual pressure of the brake cylinder,allow the simulation-confirmed exhaust diameter to be verified experimentally in the vehicle.The results can effectively solve the problem of non-release isolation of metro vehicle air brakes,providing a direction to solve the problem for other models of bogie control braking systems where air brake non-release isolation faults exist.

关 键 词：制动控制 制动控制单元 隔离塞门 排风阀 仿真分析 

分 类 号：U270.35[机械工程—车辆工程]