地铁车辆司机室座椅靠背骨架强度分析与优化  

Strength Analysis and Optimization of Seat Backrest Frame of Driver’s Cab of Subway Vehicles

作　　者：穆希望 刘政 杜伟 王萌 王云峰 范明星 MU Xiwang;LIU Zheng;DU Wei;WANG Meng;WANG Yunfeng;FAN Mingxing(Beijing Subway Vehicle Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100079,China;Jilin Jinyue Transportation Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130114,China;Beijing Rail Transit Technology Equipment Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京地铁车辆装备有限公司,北京100079 [2]吉林省金越交通装备有限公司,吉林长春130114 [3]北京轨道交通技术装备集团有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2024年第3期175-180,186,共7页Rolling Stock

摘　　要：文章对某地铁线路用司机室座椅靠背断裂情况进行了分析,根据座椅靠背骨架断口特点初步分析了其发生破坏的可能原因。采用ANSYSWorkbench创建了座椅简化结构虚拟样机,对3种不同工况下的座椅靠背骨架结构进行了有限元仿真:根据承载设计要求,模拟人体坐姿时,2种不同结合面特性座椅靠背骨架发生断裂关键区域的受力情况;模拟人体站立依靠座椅靠背时,靠背骨架的受力情况。根据有限元分析结果进一步揭示了靠背骨架断裂的主要原因为结构设计强度不足。对座椅靠背骨架关键部位的应力云图、受力趋势、关键计算数据进行了分析对比,提出了靠背骨架的结构改进指导建议,通过合理的力流控制,加强改善断裂区应力集中,减少受力部位焊接等方法,最终给出了座椅结构的改进设计方案,并进行了试验验证。In this paper,the fracture of the seat backrest of the driver’s cab for a subway line is analyzed.According to the fracture characteristics of the seat backrest frame,the possible causes of the damage are preliminarily analyzed.ANSYS Workbench is used to create a virtual prototype of the simplified structure of the seat,and the finite element simulation of the backrest frame structure of the seat under three different working conditions is carried out:according to the bearing design requirements,simulating the stress of the key area where the backrest frame of the seat with two different joint surface characteristics breaks in sitting posture of the human body;simulating the force of the backrest frame when the human body stands on the back of the seat.According to the results of finite element analysis,it is further revealed that the major cause of the fracture of the backrest frame is the lack of structural design strength.The stress cloud diagram,stress trend and key calculation data of the key parts of the seat backrest frame are analyzed and compared,and the structural improvement guidance suggestions of the backrest frame are put forward.Through reasonable force flow control,strengthening and improving the stress concentration in the fracture zone and reducing the welding of the stress parts,finally,the improved design scheme of the seat structure is given and verified by experiments.

关 键 词：地铁车辆 司机室 座椅 有限元分析 结构设计 

分 类 号：TH114[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TH122