梦幻虚构和时空体——巴赫金诗学的现实主义问题  

Fantasy Fiction and Chronotope:Realistic Issues in Bakhtin's Poetics

作　　者：刘亚斌[1] LIU Yabin(School of Chinese Studies,Zhejiang International Studies University,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院中国语言文化学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期88-96,共9页Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“界面生产视域下新媒介文艺转型机理研究”(22FZWB085)。

摘　　要：韦勒克提出文学的虚构本性,与现实主义文论产生矛盾冲突。现实与虚构的关系是现实主义文论得以构建的关键所在,时空观念成为无法回避的问题。巴赫金认为复调小说的梦幻虚构显示出欧洲文学和俄罗斯文化传统,对资本主义、俄罗斯社会的本质认识,以及陀思妥耶夫斯基本人经历的体验与思考,广场节庆活动则是其最终根源。广场狂欢化的现实及其世界性感知方式深刻影响了陀氏小说的内容表现和文本形式,形成其中介性空间和瞬间性时间相结合的时空体观念。从时空体形式及其比例关系来看,欧洲小说有其具体的时空表现和现实的场所标记。广场时空体让现实和梦幻、常态和怪诞、除旧和新生的世界交织和转换,复调小说体现出现实主义的最高意义,巴赫金诗学推动了现实主义文论的深入发展。The fictional nature of literature proposed by Wellek conflicts with the literary theory of realism.The relationship between reality and fiction is the key to the construction of the literary theory of realism,and the chronotope has become an unavoidable problem.Bakhtin thinks that the fantasy fiction of polyphonic novels reveals the traditions of European literature and Russian culture.Square festivals are the ultimate root of understanding the essence of capitalism and Russian society,and learning from and thinking about Dostoevsky's personal experiences.The reality of square carnivalization and its way of perceiving the world have deeply influenced the content expression and textual form of Dostoevsky's novels,forming a chronotope concept that combines intermediate space and instantaneous time.Seen from the form and proportion of chronotope,European novels have their specific temporal and spatial expressions and real-life place markers.Through the square's chronotope,the world of reality and fantasy,normality and grotesque,death and birth can be intertwined and transformed.Polyphonic novels reflect the highest significance of realism,and Bakhtin's poetics has promoted the further development of the literary theory of realism.

关 键 词：巴赫金诗学 现实主义 梦幻虚构 时空体 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]