普·米·梅利奥兰斯基与俄国突厥学  

Pu Mi Meliolansky and Russian Turcica Studies

作　　者：王天宝 WANG Tian-bao(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《边疆经济与文化》2024年第7期123-128,共6页The Border Economy and Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“俄国东方学研究及其数据库建设”(18ZDA209)。

摘　　要：俄国突厥学奠基者之一普·米·梅利奥兰斯基出身书香门第,具有语言天赋,在俄国东方学研究的重镇圣彼得堡大学东方语言系师从俄国瓦·瓦·拉德洛夫攻读突厥语,受其私下教授阿尔泰语、哈萨克语。留校工作后仍坚持学习古代突厥碑文“鄂尔浑碑文”,1893年至1906年出版大量学术论著,涉及突厥语言问题研究的达20余种。梅利奥兰斯基突厥语言研究的贡献主要体现哈萨克语研究,注重民族口语研究、坚持“历史主义原则”、反对盲目地使用类比方法是其在突厥语言,尤其是突厥方言研究过程中所秉持的三项原则,更是其语法研究的理论基础。梅利奥兰斯基在突厥文字学研究中提倡手稿、碑铭并重,古突厥文、古察合台文、古回鹘文等多文本互鉴,融合语文学和历史语言学研究方法。One of the founders of Turcica in Russia,Pu Mi Meliolansky,came from a scholarly family and had a natural talent for Turcica He studied Turkic language under the guidance of Russian scholar Va Radlov in the Department of Oriental Studies at St.Petersburg University,which is an important center of Oriental studies in Russia.He was privately taught Altaic and Kazakh languages.After staying on campus for work,he still persisted in studying the ancient Turkic inscriptions"Erhun Inscriptions".From 1893 to 1906,he published a large number of academic works,involving more than 20 studies on Turkic language issues.Meliolansky's contribution to the study of Turkic language is mainly reflected in the study of Kazakh language.His emphasis on ethnic oral language research,adherence to the principle of historicism,and opposition to blind use of analogical methods are the three principles he adheres to in the study of Turkic language,especially Turkic dialect.They are also the theoretical basis for his grammar research.Meliolansky advocates for equal emphasis on manuscripts and inscriptions in the study of Turkic philology,with multiple texts such as Old Turkic,Old Chagatai,and Old Uyghur mutually learning,integrating the research methods of philology and historical linguistics.

关 键 词：普·米·梅利奥兰斯基 俄国 突厥学 语法研究 文字学 

分 类 号：K107.8[历史地理—历史学]