山核桃干腐病与根腐病的空间分布与影响因素  

Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Canker and Root-Rot Diseases of Carya cathayensis

作　　者：桂鹏 金哲雄 吴家森 周湘 吴酬飞[2] 林海萍 Gui Peng;Jin Zhexiong;Wu Jiasen;Zhou Xiang;Wu Choufei;Lin Haiping(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou,311300;College of Life Science,Huzhou Normal University,Huzhou,313000)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300 [2]湖州师范学院生命科学学院,湖州313000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第12期4025-4032,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重点研发项目(2020C02005);浙江省科技厅重点研发项目(2019C02024);杭州市社会发展科研主动设计项目(20172015A01)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究浙江省杭州市临安区山核桃主要病害的空间分布与影响因素,本研究调查统计了临安区7个乡镇山核桃林干腐病和根腐病的空间分布,分析了土壤pH值、类型、施肥与除草方式这4种因素对2种病害感病指数的影响,以及后3种因素对土壤pH值的影响。结果发现,在临安区7个乡镇共279个山核桃林样地中,干腐病和根腐病感病指数呈极显著正相关,其中岛石镇发病最为严重,部分山核桃林两种病害感病指数均高达80.1以上,基本全株死亡。有239个(85.7%)样地土壤呈酸性(pH值<7.0),而且土壤酸性越强,两种病害的感病指数均越高。土壤pH值在4.50~5.49区间的山核桃林,干腐病和根腐病感病指数分别为34.4和48.0,显著高于pH值为6.50~7.49的区间。土壤类型为岩性土的山核桃林,干腐病和根腐病感病指数分别为39.0和45.9,均显著高于红壤与黄壤山核桃林。施无机肥的山核桃林干腐病和根腐病感病指数分别为47.9和55.1,均显著高于施50%有机肥替代化肥与不施肥林地。化学除草山核桃林干腐病和根腐病感病指数分别为35.0和45.5,均显著高于物理除草和不除草林地。逐步回归和相关性分析表明,在4种影响因素中,pH值降低对两种病害感病指数的提高作用最大。施用无机肥和采用化学除草方式均会显著降低土壤pH值,增加山核桃两种病害发病率。In order to investigate the spatial distribution and influencing factors of the main diseases of Carya cathayensis in Lin'an District,Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province,this study investigated the spatial distribution of canker and root-rot diseases of Carya cathayensis forest were surveyed and counted in 7 towns in Lin'an District.Effects of soil pH values,soil types,fertilizer treatments and weeding methods on disease index of Carya cathayensis and the influence of the latter three factors on soil pH values were also analyzed.The results showed that in a total of 279 hickory forest plots in 7 townships in Lin'an District,the canker and root-rot disease index were significantly positively correlated.Among them,the disease was the most serious in Daoshi Town.The disease index of the two diseases were all above 80.1 in some hickory forests,and almost the whole plant died.There were 239(85.7%)sample plots whose soil was acidic(pH value<7.0),and the stronger the soil acidity,the higher the disease index of the two diseases.In the hickory forest with soil pH values between 4.50~5.49,the disease index of canker and root-rot diseases were 34.4 and 48.0,respectively,which were significantly higher than the soil pH values range of 6.50~7.49.The disease index of canker and root-rot diseases of the hickory forest with lithological soil was 39.04 and 45.89 respectively,which were significantly higher than those in red and yellow soil hickory forests.The disease indexes of canker and root-rot diseases of hickory forests with inorganic fertilizer were 47.9 and 55.1,respectively,which were significantly higher than those with 50%organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer and non-fertilized forests.The disease index of canker and root-rot diseases in the chemical weeding hickory forest were 35.0 and 45.5,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the physical weeding and non-weeding forests.Stepwise regression and correlation analysis showed that the decrease of pH value had the greatest effect on the improve

关 键 词：山核桃 干腐病 根腐病 PH值 

分 类 号：S436.64[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]