陕西省明长城沿线烽火台建造形制与分布特征研究  

Research on the Architectural Structure and Distribution Characteristics of Beacon Towers along the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：同杨阳 马小宁 Tong Yangyang;Ma Xiaoning(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2024年第3期59-66,共8页China Cultural Heritage

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“全国明长城资源调查资料整理与研究”(18ZDA223)资助。

摘　　要：陕西省明长城沿途地貌类型多样,沿线烽火台共570座,其建造与分布是在地理环境和防御战略等自然和社会因素共同作用下的结果。本文以陕西省明长城沿线烽火台为研究对象,从微观视角按照附属设施的不同划分其建筑类型,从宏观视角分析烽火台建造与地形地貌、坡度坡向、河流水系、战争与防御等要素的关系,并借助Arc GIS和历史文献记载,利用烽燧线的概念阐释明代延绥镇军情传输方向和传递路线。经过分析,陕西省明长城烽传体系主要包括由东、西两路向中路的横向主线传递和由长城沿线向腹地的纵向支线传递两部分。通过横纵结合,实现了长城沿线东西及内外之间的多层联系。The beacon tower is an important part of the Great Wall defense system,serving as a defensive facility independent of the wall and primarily responsible for information transmission.The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty in Shaanxi Province passes through various types of terrain,mainly characterized by linear low mountainous areas in the east,loess hills and gullies in the central region,and sandy and grassy areas in the west.There are a total of 570 beacon towers along the wall,with 375 along the north line and 195 along the south lines.Their construction and distribution are the result of the combined influence of the geographical environment,defense strategy,and other natural and social factors.This article focuses on the beacon towers along the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty in Shaanxi Province.It categorizes their architectural types based on different ancillary facilities and utilizes ArcGIS software and historical records to interpret the distribution characteristics and transmission routes of the beacon towers.Through the analysis,it is found that the beacon towers are classified into three construction material bused on construction material types:rammed earth,stone masonry,and brick masonry.Their architectural forms include stage body structures as well as various combinations with bases,enclosing walls,and trenches.The distribution of the beacon towers shows a denser presence in the east,followed by the central region,and a relatively scattered pattern in the west.This is mainly influenced by factors such as topography,slope,river systems,warfare frequency,and defense strategies in different regional environments.In terms of layout,the beacon towers are generally distributed on both sides of the Great Wall,roughly following the direction of the wall.Which exhibit various arrangements including continuous linear,centralized clustering,multi-level,and multiangle patterns.Beacon transmission primarily occurs along the main east-west line and the north-south secondary lines.The main line horizontally transmit

关 键 词：烽火台 建造形制 分布特征 烽燧线 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论] K878.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]