关于开展长城预防性保护的几点想法  

Preventive Conservation for the Great Wall

作　　者：吴美萍 李哲[1,2] Wu Meiping;Li Zhe(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Information Technology for the Inheritance of Architectural Cultural Heritage,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学建筑学院“建筑文化遗产保护传承信息技术”文化和旅游部重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2024年第3期67-70,共4页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：长城作为一个巨系统型文化遗产,其面临气候变化下日益恶劣的自然环境以及大众旅游时代下日益增多的旅游压力,如何就这些潜在危险因素进行提前预防,实现“防患于未然”非常值得讨论。本文简单阐述了预防性保护在不可移动文物领域的界定,提出开展长城预防性保护工作可从灾害风险预防、结构损毁风险预防和生物(人类和动植物)破坏风险预防三个层面展开。具体做法包括:挖掘古代长城营建和管理中的防灾智慧、编制长城灾害风险地图、分类制定长城遗产资源灾害预防措施和应对突发灾害的应急措施、气候变化下适用性保护材料和干预方法、长城沿线定期巡检和专业检修体系建设、长城预防性保护管理体系构建等。最后提出需要将长城作为一个不断变化的生命体来看待,要以管控变化和协同共进的态度去对待长城预防性保护问题,预防性保护的成功实施需要基于扎实的基础研究和广泛的民众参与基础。The Great Wall,as a super systematic cultural heritage,faces challenges of taking preventive actions against the harsh natural environment under climate change and increasing tourist pressure.This paper focuses on the preventive conservation of the Great Wall.Firstly,it briefly expounds on the definition and three levels of preventive conservation in the field of immovable cultural heritage.Then it points out several ways to carry out preventive conservation for the Great Wall,including excavating the wisdom of disaster prevention in the construction and management of the Great Wal in the past centuries,compiling the disaster risk map of the Great Wall,classifying and formulating disaster prevention measures and emergency plans for different sorts of heritage resources of the Great Wall system,exploring applicable materials and intervention methods under climate change.Finally,it emphasizes the importance of the co-evolutional attitude,change management,solid research foundation,and broad public participation as key factors in the successful implementation of preventive conservation for the Great Wall.

关 键 词：预防性保护 长城 防灾 灾害风险地图 气候变化 专业检修 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计] K878.3[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]