长江上游河流底泥沉积物重金属及生态风险评价——以滇中大姚县主要河流为例  

Heavy metal and ecological risk assessment of river sediment in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River——Taking Dayao County in Yunnan Province for example

作　　者：黄加忠 张龙 庞咏 涂春林 段文 马一奇 尹林虎 时雨 HUANG Jia-zhong;ZHANG Long;PANG Yong;TU Chun-lin;DUAN Wen;MA Yi-qi;YIN Lin-hu;SHI Yu(Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Kunming 650000,China;Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People s Republic of China,Kunming 650001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心,云南昆明650000 [2]自然资源部自然生态系统碳汇工程技术创新中心,云南昆明650001

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第6期1-9,共9页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：滇中大姚、姚安、南华、双柏四县土地质量地球化学调查项目(ZD20220211);滇中地区水资源与水生态修复支撑调查项目(DD20242312)资助。

摘　　要：重金属在底泥沉积物中的扩散和积累决定了水体的环境质量。为了解长江流域水生态系统状况,以长江上游金沙江流域大姚县主要河流底泥沉积物为研究对象,研究其中重金属含量特征和污染情况,利用修正内梅罗指数法、潜在生态危害指数法、聚类分析法和主成分分析法评价重金属污染现状,并对重金属污染物来源进行探讨。结果表明,主要河流底泥沉积物pH值为8.0,呈弱碱性。各重金属元素潜在生态风险指数和各流域综合潜在生态风险指数均为轻微级,总体处于清洁水平。全区各主要河流RI值中主要贡献者均为Cd、Hg元素,两者贡献率各占30%左右,说明重金属Cd、Hg是底泥潜在生态风险的主要来源。江底河Cu平均含量为372.35 mg/kg,是云南土壤背景值的9.3倍,长江水系沉积物背景值的10.6倍,其内梅罗污染指数达3.72,为重度污染,说明局部需关注矿业开采导致的Cu污染。The quality of rivers environments is influenced by the spread and buildup of heavy metals in sediments.To assess the condition of aquatic ecosystems in the Yangtze River Basin,this research focuses on analyzing the heavy metal content and pollution levels in the sediment of major rivers in Dayao County.Various methods such as the modified Nemerow index,potential ecological risk index,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis are employed to evaluate the current state of heavy metal pollution and identify the sources of these pollutants.Findings reveal that the sediment in Dayao County s major rivers has a pH of 8.0,indicating a slightly alkaline nature.The potential ecological risk index for each heavy metal element and the overall comprehensive potential ecological risk index for each river basin are relatively low,suggesting a clean overall status.Among the pollution risk index values of the major rivers studied,Cd and Hg are the primary contributors,each making up around 30%of the total,highlighting these two heavy metals as the main sources of potential ecological risks in the sediment.For instance,the average Cu content in the Jiangdi River sediment is 372.35 mg/kg,which is significantly higher than the background values for soil in Yunnan and sediment in the Yangtze River system.The Nemerow pollution index in the area has reached 3.72,signifying severe pollution.It is important for the local community to focus on addressing the copper pollution resulting from mining activities.

关 键 词：底泥沉积物 重金属 内梅罗指数 潜在生态风险 大姚县 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]