孟州市白墙水库鸟类资源调查及多样性分析  

Investigation and diversity analysis of bird resources in Baiwall Reservoir of Mengzhou City

作　　者：张春旺 王天平 冯千凤 张红嫄 王颖 胡建业 邓大军 洪军 ZHANG Chun-wang;WANG Tian-ping;FENG Qian-feng;ZHANG Hong-yuan;WANG Ying;HU Jian-ye;DENG Da-jun;HONG Jun(Jiaozuo City Nature Reserve and Wildlife Protection Center,Jiaozuo 454000,China;College of Life Sciences and Engineering,Henan University of Urban Construction,Pingdingshan 467036,China;Henan Wildlife Protection Center,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]焦作市自然保护区和野生动植物保护中心,河南焦作454000 [2]河南城建学院生命科学与工程学院,河南平顶山467036 [3]河南省野生动物保护中心,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第6期66-72,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：2021和2022年河南省林业厅“黄河湿地焦作段水鸟种类调查”项目资助。

摘　　要：鸟类生态位宽广,对生态环境因子变化敏感,是检测环境质量的生物指示物种。为了解孟州市白墙水库鸟类的物种组成与多样性,更好地保护生态环境,在2021年5月—2022年3月(周期Ⅰ)和2022年6月—2023年3月(周期Ⅱ)2年间采用样线法和定点观察相结合的方式对孟州市白墙水库进行鸟类物种调查,并运用R软件iNEXT程序包对不同周期、不同月份以及繁殖期和越冬期鸟类进行多样性分析。本研究共观测到鸟类4 947只,隶属于17目38科102种。其中国家Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物分别为1种和15种;IUCN红色名录濒危等级包括近危(NT)2种和易危(VU)4种;优势种为普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)、骨顶鸡(Fulica atra)、苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)和崖沙燕(Riparia riparia)。多样性及均匀度结果分析表明周期Ⅱ鸟类多样性及均匀度比周期Ⅰ高,各月份中2022年8月鸟类多样性和均匀度指数最高,越冬期鸟类多样性比繁殖期高。该研究结果对孟州市白墙水库的生态环境保护和鸟类保护具有重要参考价值。Birds have a wide ecological niche and are sensitive to changes in ecological factors.They are biological indicators of environmental quality.In order to understand the species composition and diversity of birds in Baiwall Reservoir of Mengzhou City,and better protect the ecological environment,in the two years from May 2021 to March 2022(cycleⅠ)and June 2022 to March 2023(cycleⅡ),the combination of line transect method and fixed point observation method was used to investigate bird species in Baiwall Reservoir of Mengzhou City,and the diversity analysis was carried out.A total of 4947 birds belonging to 17 orders,38 families and 102 species were observed.Among them,there were 1 national ClassⅠprotected animals and 15 national ClassⅡprotected animals.The IUCN Red List included two near threatened(NT)species and four vulnerable(VU)species.The dominant species were the common cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),the coot chicken(Fulica atra),the heron(Ardea cinerea)and the scarp swallow(Riparia riparia).The R software iNEXT package was used to analyze the diversity of birds in different cycles,different months,breeding and wintering periods.The results showed that the bird diversity and uniformity analysis in cycleⅡwere higher than that in cycleⅠ,with the highest bird diversity and uniformity in August 2022,and the bird diversity in wintering period was higher than that in breeding period.The research results had important reference value for ecological environment protection and bird protection of Baiwall Reservoir in Mengzhou City.

关 键 词：孟州市白墙水库 湿地 鸟类资源 Α多样性 均匀度分析 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]