从帮扶到治理:中国社会工作的历史转向与自主知识建构  

From Service to Governance:The Historical Turn and the Knowledge Construction of Chinese Social Work

作　　者：童敏[1] 李诗雨 TONG Min;LI Shiyu

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《社会工作》2024年第3期1-24,151-153,共27页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中国式现代化与社会工作自主知识体系建构研究”(项目编号:23ASH002)。

摘　　要：经过十多年快速发展,特别是中央社会工作部的成立,中国社会工作专业定位及其学理依据成为亟待更新解答的命题。通过回顾中国社会工作近十多年来职业化和专业化历程发现,中国社会工作是在民政部门大力推动下产生的,经历了从困弱人群帮扶到社会治理再到基层治理三个阶段的转型。探索之初,采取了与西方专业社会工作相似的弱势人群帮扶实践策略,之后,转向基层治理,走向与西方专业社会工作不同的发展道路。其内涵为以居民个人自主性的调动这种治理逻辑为核心,注重现代社区新型生活秩序的重建,推动“治理”端口前移,将治理矛盾化解在社区现实生活问题的解决过程中。显然,基层治理转向是我国现代化进程的历史选择,不仅需要重新审视自己专业化发展道路,而且需要立足自身专业化发展建构自主知识体系,在现代化视角下重新理解中国专业社会工作的内涵及其理论基础。After more than ten years of rapid development,especially the establishment of the Central Social Work Department,the professional orientation and academic basis of social work in China have become questions that urgently need answers.By reviewing the history of professionalization and specialization of Chinese social work in the past decade,we find that although Chinese social work came into being under the vigorous promotion of China’s civil affairs department,it is,in fact,implemented under the model of“three social cooperatives”and practiced in the daily life of local communities,with its unique requirements being institutional,social,and realistic.After that,Chinese social work experienced three stages of transformation from helping the disadvantaged populations to social management and then to grassroots governance,becoming an important supporting force for modernizing the grassroots governance system and governance capacity.Among them,it involves two fundamental turns of professional practice logic:The first one is a shift from providing relief services for disadvantaged groups,helping them receive material assistance and public services for basic living standards,to carrying out area-oriented enhancement practices.This turn realizes the shift from resolving affairs issues to stimulating individual vitality,distinguishing Western professional social work,which is affair-oriented,from Chinese social work professional practice for the first time.Secondly,the shift from social governance with social work practice in the social field to grassroots governance with social work practice in the field of life pro‐motes China’s social work from the reconstruction of social order to the reconstruction of life order,so that social work in China has its own unique space for professional practice,and becomes an indispensable part of modernizing Chinese grassroots governance system and capacity.Although the practical strategies of helping the disadvantaged groups were adopted at the beginning of the exploration

关 键 词：人群帮扶 基层治理 社会工作自主知识 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]