“双碳”目标下中国碳配额分配法治化的优化路径  

The Optimization Path for Legalization of China’s Carbon Quota Allocation under the“Dual Carbon”Goals

作　　者：刘瑞 冷罗生[1] Liu Rui;Leng Luosheng

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2024年第7期56-66,共11页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“比例原则视角下生态环境损害法律责任体系化研究”(22CFX041);北京师范大学法学院学术型研究生专项科研基金研究项目“整体系统观下实现碳达峰碳中和目标的立法研究”(2023LAW015);北京师范大学学科交叉基金项目“‘双碳’目标下环境司法机制创新研究”(BNUXKJC2310)。

摘　　要：碳排放权交易制度是中国应对气候变化立法和政策推进的主要手段,而碳配额分配制度则是碳排放权交易制度实施成败的关键因素所在。法治是“双碳”目标实现的根本保障,碳配额分配法治化不仅需要宏观层面上的法律框架引领,还需要微观层面上的具体制度补强。当前,中国碳配额分配制度落实存在法律框架建设滞后、基本制度保障不足、配套措施不健全等问题,难以准确因应实践。鉴于此,应准确把握碳配额分配这一关键环节,在“双碳”目标指引下,从法实证研究视角充分剖析碳配额分配制度的政策和实践样态,优化碳配额分配法治化路径,最终实现配额公平有效分配。要秉持“立法先行”的积极态度,构建综合性法律框架,强化碳配额管理的法律依据;在强有力的法律支撑下进行制度基础补强,实现碳配额具体立法精细化;进而完善兜底框架,优化配套措施以加强配额行为管控,为实现碳达峰、碳中和目标提供制度保障。Carbon emission trading system is the main means to promote China’s legislation and policies on climate change,and the carbon quota allocation system is the key factor for the success or failure of the implementation of carbon emission trading system.The rule of law is the fundamental guarantee for the realization of the“dual carbon”goals.The legalization of carbon quota allocation needs the guidance of the legal framework at the macro level and the reinforcement of the specific system at the micro level.At present,the implementation of China’s carbon quota allocation system has some problems,such as the lagging construction of the legal framework,insufficient guarantee of the basic system,and incomplete supporting measures,which makes it difficult to accurately respond to practice.In view of this,it is necessary to accurately grasp the key link of carbon quota allocation,fully analyze the policy and practice pattern of carbon quota allocation system from the perspective of legal empirical research under the guidance of the“dual carbon”goals,optimize the path of carbon quota allocation under the rule of law,and finally realize the fair and effective allocation of quota.We should uphold the positive attitude of“legislation first”,build a comprehensive legal framework,and strengthen the legal basis of carbon quota management.Under the strong legal support,the system foundation can be corrected and the specific legislation of carbon quota can be refined.Then we could improve the backstop framework,optimize supporting measures to strengthen the control of quota behavior,and provide institutional guarantee for achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：碳排放权交易市场 碳配额分配 “双碳”目标 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]