圣王之治:商鞅的法治论及其内在逻辑  

Governance of Sage Monarchs:Shang Yang’s Thoughts on Rule of Law and Its Internal Logic

作　　者：王林敏[1] Wang Linmin

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学法学院,山东日照276826

出　　处：《管子学刊》2024年第3期77-88,共12页GuanZi Journal

摘　　要：《商君书》提出了理想政治统治的法家模式,其中包含一套相对完整的古典法治论:以圣王为起点,导向君主集权制的圣王法治。在“君-官-民”三方法治结构中,法既治民又治官,也抑制君主私人意志。商鞅法治论以最低限度的道德为底线,反对礼治、德治,但并不反对德性之治。商鞅贵势审数,以重刑主义、连坐思维、奖励告奸等措施严密法制,以信赏必罚树立公信,试图以强势的可操控性实现无为之治。商鞅法治论未能从根本上实现君主无为的制度化,也就无法从制度上保证法治的可持续性。In Shang Yang’s thoughts,there is a relatively well-developed set of theory on the rule of law:the governance of sage monarchs.It takes sage monarchs as its logical starting point,and leads to the monarchical centralization system.In the legal structure conceived by Shang Yang,laws are the social norm that the monarch,officials and people abide by together,i.e.laws not only govern the people and the officials,but also restrains person will of monarchs.Shang Yang opposed to rule of propriety or that of virtue,but was not averse to rules of morality and he intended to achieve the minimum rule of morality via the rule of law.Shang Yang emphasized ruling for those in power.He developed a legal system featured with heavy and joint punishment and rewarding whistle-blowing.This system was highly operable because he established public credibility through impartially rewarding merit and punishing offenses.However,Shang Yang’s thoughts on rule of law failed to institutionalize monarchical inaction,and thus could not prevent institutionally the monarch from undermining rule of law,let alone ensuring the sustainability of it.

关 键 词：商鞅 《商君书》 法治论 圣王之治 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论] B226.2[政治法律—法学]