由“先知”求“先胜”:孙子对情报的功能定位及历史影响  

“Win”Through“Know in Advance”:Sunzi’s Understanding of Functions of Intelligence and Its Historical Impacts

作　　者：熊剑平 Xiong Jianping

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学外国语学院,江苏南京210039

出　　处：《管子学刊》2024年第3期115-128,共14页GuanZi Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“齐鲁兵学与中国古代军事文化研究”(22JJD770050);国防科技大学核心课程建设项目。

摘　　要：孙子在十三篇兵法中使用“先知”一词,是为了强调情报先行。这是《孙子兵法》的重要理念之一,也使得这部兵典更具特色。孙子强调“先知”,目的是为了追求“先胜”,对情报的功能和作用,有着非常明确的定位。孙子高度重视侦察情报工作,尤其重视使用间谍,都是为了更为充分地掌握敌情和展开敌情分析,从而能够更好地服务于战争决策,确保己方能够以更低的成本打赢战争。由“先知”求“先胜”,不仅是十三篇兵法的核心内容之一,也是孙子进行战争决策和战法设计的基本依据。孙子主张情报先行,得益于前孙子时期军事思想的长期发展,也是尊重战争发展客观规律的结果,同时也体现出孙子研究战争和把控战争的超强能力。由“先知”求“先胜”的理念,对古往今来的军事家构成了深刻影响,不仅是我国优秀兵学文化传统,在现代战争中仍然具有指导价值和启示作用。Employing the term“know in advance”in thirteen chapters of The Art of War,Sunzi empha-sized the importance of intelligence.Emphasizing intelligence is one of the key thoughts and an important fea-ture of this book.By emphasizing the role of“know in advance”is to“win”,Sunzi attached great importance to reconnaissance and intelligence,especially spies,in order to learn more about the enemy,so as to make bet-ter decisions in wars and to win at the lowest cost.The idea of“win”through“know in advance”is not only the core notions of these chapters,but also the basis for Sunzi’s war decision-making and tactics designing.Sunzi’s advocating the significance of intelligence attributes to military thoughts developed prior to Sunzi and his following objective laws of the war.It also reflects Sunzi’s superb ability to study war and control war.The notion of“win”through“know in advance”,with its profound impacts on militarists,has been held not only as a tradition of Chinese excellent military culture,but also a guiding value and revelation in modern warfare.

关 键 词：《孙子兵法》 先知 先胜 军事史 情报史 

分 类 号：E892[军事]