秸秆还田和施肥对冬小麦-夏大豆轮作系统培肥与生产效益的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Fertilization on Soil Fertility and Production Efficiency in Winter Wheat/Summer Soybean Rotation System

作　　者：徐郗阳 宋佳杰 于琦 白金泽 焦小盈 张志浩 任广鑫[1,2] 冯永忠[1,2] XU Xiyang;SONG Jiajie;YU Qi;BAI Jinze;JIAO Xiaoying;ZHANG Zhihao;REN Guangxin;FENG Yongzhong(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第6期1029-1040,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971859);陕西省科技创新驱动项目:陕西省生态循环农业技术模式构建与示范(NYKJ-2022-YL(XN)34);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大(重点)项目(2019BBF02007)。

摘　　要：为探明秸秆还田和化肥施用对冬小麦-夏大豆轮作系统土壤培肥和生产效益的影响,于2020-2022年在关中平原开展田间定位试验,设置秸秆不还田不施肥(S0F0)、秸秆不还田常规施肥(S0F1)、秸秆还田配合常规施肥(S1F1)和秸秆还田配合减量施肥(S1F0.8)4个处理。利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法监测土壤N_(2)O排放通量,综合分析土壤养分、作物产量和土壤N_(2)O排放,明确秸秆还田配施化肥在土壤培肥、增产减排方面的效应。结果表明,秸秆还田和施肥通过显著提高土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、速效磷(AP)含量来促进土壤培肥。与S0F0相比,S1F0.8和S1F1处理提高土壤综合肥力314.24%~317.12%、330.58%~384.98%;S1F0.8和S1F1处理显著提高冬小麦产量80.29%~101.25%、82.50%~107.66%,提高夏大豆产量25.31%~34.72%、36.93%~45.20%;S0F1、S1F0.8、S1F1均显著增加土壤N_(2)O累积排放量和种植系统温室气体排放强度,但S1F0.8较S0F1、S1F1处理显著降低土壤N_(2)O累积排放量和种植系统温室气体排放强度;S1F0.8和S1F1处理提高生产效益75.09%~75.88%、67.54%~114.23%。综上,秸秆还田配合常规施肥(S1F1)是关中平原麦-豆轮作系统土壤培肥的有效方式;但依照国家降低化肥施用量的要求来说,秸秆还田配合减量施肥(S1F0.8)是关中平原麦-豆轮作系统增产、减排、提高收益的推荐方式。To investigate effects of straw returning combined with fertilizer on field fertility and production efficiency in winter wheat-summer soybean rotation system,field trials were conducted in Guanzhong Plain from 2020 to 2022.Four treatments were set:no straw returning with no fertilizer(S0F0),no straw returning with traditional fertilizer(S0F1),straw returning with traditional fertilizer(S1F1)and straw returning with reduced fertilizer(S1F0.8).Soil N_(2)O emission rates were monitored using the static chamber-chromatography method.Soil nutrients,crop yield and soil N_(2)O emission were comprehensively analyzed to assess the effect of straw returning with fertilizer on soil fertility,yield and emission reduction.The results showed that straw returning and fertilization enhanced soil fertility by means of significantly increasing the content of organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and available phosphorus(AP).Compared to S0F0 treatment,the comprehensive soil fertility of S1F0.8 and S1F1 treatment significantly increased by 314.24%-317.12%and 330.58%-384.98%,respectively.Correspondingly,S1F0.8 and S1F1 treatment significantly increased the yield of winter wheat by 80.29%-101.25%and 82.50%-107.66%,and increased the yield of summer soybean by 25.31%-34.72%and 36.93%-45.20%.S0F1,S1F0.8 and S1F1 treatment significantly increased cumulative N_(2)O emissions and greenhouse gases(GHG).However,compared with S0F1 and S1F1 treatments,S1F0.8 significantly reduced cumulative N_(2)O emissions and greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI).Compared with S0F0,S1F0.8 and S1F1 treatment significantly increased production efficiency by 75.09%-75.88%and 67.54%-114.23%.In conclusion,straw returning with traditional fertilization(S1F1)improves soil nutrient content,which is an effective method for enhancing soil fertility in winter wheat-summer soybean rotation system in Guanzhong Plain.However,in according with the national requirement to reduce the application of

关 键 词：土壤肥力 秸秆还田 N_(2)O排放 冬小麦-夏大豆轮作 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S565.1