青藏高原氮磷钾肥施用对‘青引1号’燕麦生物量积累的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application on Biomass Accumulation of Aats‘Qingyin No.1’on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：起惠芳 刘文辉[1] 刘凯强 贾志锋[1] 梁国玲[1] QI Huifang;LIU Wenhui;LIU Kaiqiang;JIA Zhifeng;LIANG Guoling(Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau/Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海大学青海省畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第6期1049-1060,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项(2020-ZJ-Y03);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34);“昆仑英才乡村振兴人才”专项农业农村科技攻关团队资助。

摘　　要：探讨高寒地区氮、磷、钾肥及其施肥水平对‘青引1号’燕麦(Avena sativa L.)生长和产量的影响,为青藏高原高寒区燕麦饲草生产合理施肥提供理论依据。以‘青引1号’燕麦为试验材料,采用完全随机区组设计,分别设置N(0、30、45、60、75、90、105 kg·hm^(-2))、P(0、15、30、45、60、75、90 kg·hm^(-2))和K(0、10、20、30、40、50、60 kg·hm^(-2))各7个水平,研究氮、磷、钾肥不同肥料水平对‘青引1号’燕麦饲草产量和根系发育的影响并获得最适施肥水平。结果表明,N、P和K肥的添加均显著提高了燕麦干草产量(P<0.05);N、P和K肥处理下分别以纯N 75 kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)60 kg·hm^(-2)和K_(2)O 40 kg·hm^(-2)下干草产量最高,分别达到31803.3 kg·hm^(-2)、29855.0 kg·hm^(-2)和28308.3 kg·hm^(-2)。K肥处理下,燕麦株高、分蘖数、茎粗、根量、根长和根数表现优于N和P肥处理;N肥促进了燕麦地上生物量的形成;P肥有利于燕麦地下根系发育,而K肥对燕麦地上生物量和地下根系发育均影响较大;P、K单施量小于60 kg·hm^(-2)和40 kg·hm^(-2)时,其肥料农学利用率及偏生产力均优于N肥;而单施量高于60 kg·hm^(-2)时,N农学利用率及偏生产力表现最佳。利用TOPSIS模型对燕麦饲草生长和经济效益等进行综合评价,结果表明,N 75kg·hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5)60kg·hm^(-2)和K_(2)O40 kg·hm^(-2)为最适宜燕麦饲草的施肥模式组合。因此,在本试验土壤肥力水平下,少量施肥时,P和K肥对干草产量增加的效果优于N肥,高量施肥时,N肥效果较优;相对于N和P肥,K肥具有协调燕麦地上和地下部分发育优势,青海地区少量施K肥能有效增加饲用燕麦产量,提高肥料利用率。To investigate the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and their fertilization levels on the growth and yield of‘Qingyin No.1’oats(Avena sativa L.),the aim is to provide a theoretical guideline for the fertilization management of oat forage grass production in alpine areas of Tibetan Plateau.Using a completely random block design,effects of the three fertilizers on forage grass productivity and root system development of‘Qingyin No.1’oats were assessed under seven fertilization levels:N(0,30,45,60,75,90,105 kg·hm^(-2)),P(0,15,30,45,60,75,90 kg·hm^(-2))and K(0,10,20,30,40,50,60 kg·hm^(-2)),respectively.The results showed a significant increase in oat hay yield with the application of N,P and K fertilizer(P<0.05).When only one of the fertilizers was applied,the highest hay yield was observed with 75 kg·hm^(-2) of N,60 kg·hm^(-2) of P_(2)O_(5),or 40 kg·hm^(-2) of K_(2)O,resulting in hay yields of 31803.3 kg·hm^(-2),29855.0 kg·hm^(-2),and 28308.3 kg·hm^(-2).Under K fertilizer treatment,oat plant height,tiller number,stem thickness,root amount,root length and root number were higher than that under N and P fertilizer treatment.For the oats under examination,N fertilizer enhanced aboveground biomass formation;P fertilizer proved to be beneficial for development of their underground root system,and K fertilizer made a significant positive contribution to both aboveground biomass for mation and the development of underground root system.When the application rate of P and K was below than 60 kg·hm^(-2) and 40 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,the agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of fertilizer were higher compared to N fertilizer.However,when the application rate of any one of the fertilizers was higher than 60kg·hm^(-2),the agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity were the highest when N fertilizer was applied.The TOPSIS model was used to comprehensively evaluate the growth and economic benefits of oat forage grass.The results showed that 75 kg·hm^(-2) of N,60

关 键 词：燕麦 施肥 生物量 根系发育 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]