论行政裁量基准法律效力的类型化构建  

On Classification Construction of the Legal Effectiveness of Administrative Discretion Standards

作　　者：张惠瑀 ZHANG Huiyu(Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期57-65,84,共10页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD191)。

摘　　要：行政裁量基准是控制行政裁量的重要规范性工具,裁量基准法律效力的辨明有利于规范行政活动,反哺行政立法的科学化。有关裁量基准法律效力的观点可以归纳为事实效力说、间接法律效力说和直接法律效力说,但都缺乏对裁量基准法律效力的全面的体系性认知。全面认识裁量基准的法律效力必须建立在对裁量基准种类的类型化构建的基础上。具体而言,对裁量基准法律效力的评价体系应基于裁量内容标准、公开性标准、创设权利义务性三个因素进行类型化构建。据此,裁量基准的法律效力应当三分为事实效力、间接法律效力、直接法律效力。个案裁量基准的法律效力则根据三个因素组合的具体结果在间接效力到直接法律效力之间波动。同时,可以采取“赋分制”对具体类型的裁量基准法律效力作可视化处理。Administrative discretion standards are important normative tools for controlling administrative discretion.Identifying the legal effectiveness of discretion standards is conducive to regulating administrative activities and promoting the sound development of administrative legislation.Existing views on the legal effectiveness of discretion standards can be summarized as the factual effectiveness theory,indirect legal effectiveness theory,and direct legal effectiveness theory.However,they all lack a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the legal effectiveness of discretion standards.A comprehensive understanding of the legal effectiveness of discretion standards must be based on the classification construction of discretion standards.Specifically,the evaluation system for the legal effectiveness of discretion standards should be classified based on three factors:criteria for discretionary content,standards of openness,and the establishment of rights and obligations.Based on this,the legal effectiveness of discretion standards can be classified into three categories:factual effectiveness,indirect legal effectiveness,and direct legal effectiveness.The legal effectiveness of individual cases’discretion standards fluctuates between indirect effectiveness and direct legal effectiveness depending on the specific combination of these three factors.Meanwhile,a“score-based system”can be adopted for the visual treatment of the legal effectiveness of specific types of discretion standards.

关 键 词：行政裁量基准 法律效力 事实效力 类型化 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]