马克思工艺学思想的层次及其现代意义  

On Levels and Modern Significance of Marx’s Thought on Technology

作　　者：李扬潇 LI Yangxiao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期19-26,共8页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：一般意义上的工艺学所研究的内容是使用或适用某经济手段的生产过程整体。马克思的工艺学思想主要以19世纪西欧资本主义社会的机器大工业体系为研究样本,包括相互联系的三个层次:揭示特殊物质资料生产组织、生产原则的生产层次;描述社会各阶级生存样态、生存关系的生存层次;回应人类物质生活和精神生活双重解放诉求的生活层次。根据马克思的工艺学分析模型,资本主义生产工艺呈现出这样的张力:一方面,人类社会的肢解,即私有制下的局部贫困和阶级对立;另一方面,人类社会的解放,即在创造充足物质财富的同时孕育新的社会力量。马克思工艺学思想的建构证明了历史唯物主义的方法论在人工智能“进化式”发展的智能自动化时代依然具有重要的参考价值。In a general sense,technology is the study of the whole production process using or applying a certain economic means.Marx’s thought on technology mainly takes machine-based and large-scale industrial system of Western European capitalist society in the 19th century as a research sample,and it consists of three interrelated levels:production level which reveals the production organization and principles of special materials;existential level which describes the survival patterns and relationships of various social classes;life level which responds to the dual emancipation demands of human for material and spiritual life.According to Marx’s analytical model of technology,capitalist production processes present a tension as follows:on one hand,the collapse of human society,namely partial poverty and class opposition under private ownership;On the other hand,the liberation of human society,which involves creating sufficient material wealth while nurturing new social forces.The construction of Marx’s thought on technology proves that the methodology of historical materialism still has important reference value in the era of intelligent automation with“evolutionary”development of artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：马克思工艺学思想 工艺史 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B03