基于分布式光纤声传感火车噪声属性的车型识别及运行规律  

Train type recognition and commuting regularity based on distributed acoustic sensing train noise attribute

作　　者：郑兴鹏 邢磊[1,3] 张汉羽 徐团伟 刘怀山[1,3] 吴时国[4] ZHENG XingPeng;XING Lei;ZHANG HanYu;XU TuanWei;LIU HuaiShan;WU ShiGuo(Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong 266100,China;Hainan Eco-Environmental Geological Survey Institute,Haikou 570206,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Geophysical Prospecting Technology of Qingdao,Qingdao Shandong 266100,China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Georesource and Prospecting,Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya Hainan 572000,China;State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology,Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]海南省生态环境地质调查院,海口570206 [3]青岛市海洋地球物理勘探技术重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [4]中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所海南省海底资源与探测技术重点实验室,海南三亚572000 [5]中国科学院半导体研究所传感技术国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2024年第7期2850-2862,共13页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金面上项目“基于通信光缆背景噪声的城市地下空间探测及钻探验证”(421MS0814);三亚崖州湾科技城科研项目“海底分布式光纤地震系统及应用示范”(202001009);中国科学院战略先导科技专项子课题(A类)“深渊级光纤地震系统研究及试验”(XDA22040105);国家自然科学基金项目(42276055);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3010703,2022YFC2803503);基于光纤地震系统的琼东南盆地天然气水合物储层精细评价与动态监测研究(U22A20581)联合资助。

摘　　要：火车运行时产生强烈的移动噪声传播至地下空间,形成一种绿色环保、强能量的人工地震波.由于载荷系统形态基本固定,火车运行时间规律,震源重复性高,这种火车震源被广泛应用于轨道安全监测、近地表成像和城市地下空间探测等领域.分布式光纤声传感是一种新兴的地震采集技术,拥有密集采样、布设简单、抗电磁干扰能力强等优点,近年来在城市交通事件微震监测、裂隙探测和地下空间成像领域逐步应用.本研究基于分布式光纤声传感技术获得的秦皇岛试验场火车移动噪声数据,拾取了30个火车交通事件,开展火车噪声视速度、波形和频谱、能量时空变化的属性分析.结果表明:试验区光纤传感的火车噪声具有明显的属性差异,低速度重载荷的火车比高铁引起的地震振幅更大、能量更强,低速火车产生的噪声包含了丰富的低频信息;根据已知的视速度、振幅属性、时频属性,划分了4种类型的火车,并揭示了它们的进出站规律.本研究拓展了分布式光纤传感的应用场景,证明分布式光纤声传感有望应用于不同车型的通勤监测.When the train is running,the strong moving noise is propagated to the underground space,forming a kind of green environmental protection and strong energy artificial seismic wave.Due to the fixed shape of the load system,regular train running time and high repeatability of the source,this kind of train source is widely used in track safety monitoring,near-surface imaging and urban underground space detection.Distributed Acoustic Sensing(DAS)is a new seismic acquisition technology,which has the advantages of dense sampling,simple layout and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability.In recent years,it has been gradually applied in the fields of microseismic monitoring of urban traffic events,crack detection and underground space imaging.Based on the data of train moving noise in Qinhuangdao test ground obtained by DAS technology,30 train traffic events were picked up to carry out the attribute analysis of train noise's apparent velocity,waveform,spectrum and energy changes in time and space.The results show that the optical fiber sensing train noise in the test area has obvious attribute difference.The seismic amplitude and energy caused by the train with low speed and heavy load are larger than those caused by the high-speed train,and the noise produced by low-speed trains contains rich low-frequency information.According to the known apparent speed,amplitude and time-frequency attributes,four types of trains are divided,and their rules of entering and leaving the station are revealed.This study expands the application scenario of DAS and proves that DAS is expected to be applied to commute monitoring of different types of train.

关 键 词：分布式光纤声传感 火车震源 交通事件 噪声属性 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]