李泰国海关总税务司任职解疑  

Interpreting Li Taiguo’s Appointments as the Inspector General of Qing China’s Maritime Customs

作　　者：徐滨[1] 高潮[2] Xu Bin;Gao Chao

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院 [2]天津社会科学院

出　　处：《海交史研究》2024年第1期43-54,共12页Journal of Maritime History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学项目“英国早期银行体系的发展与金融创新”(项目编号:21YJA770016);国家社科基金重大招标项目“中古中国与欧洲文明比较研究”(项目编号:LSYZD21020)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：关于英国人李泰国出任清朝海关总税务司的过程,学术界普遍同意他先后得到了两次任命——1859年的何桂清任命和1861年的总理衙门任命。对于两度任命的关系和间隔期中的事件变化则鲜有深入探究,也未有新史料披露。综合现有研究和中英两方历史档案可以发现,何桂清的任命存在着合法性不明的问题,并未获得清廷最高决策层和英方的认可。何桂清任命并非总理衙门任命的起因,后者也不是对前者的确认。大约从1860年初或更早,薛焕等清朝官员开始秘密筹划由最高决策层任命李泰国,并最终导致了1861年总理衙门任命的结果。英国官方虽然表面上从未认可过何桂清的任命,但出于自身利益一直支持由英国人出任清朝总税务司的设想。In academic community,there is a prevailing view regarding two appointments of Britishman Li Taiguo,first by He Guiqing in 1859 and later by Zongli Yamen in 1861,through which he was assigned to the position of Inspector General of the Qing Maritime Customs.However,limited research has been conducted on the relationship between these two appointments and the events that occurred during the interim period,and no new historical resources have been presented.By synthesizing previous researches and scrutinizing Chinese and British archives,we have found that He Guiqing’s assignment was illegal,lacking sanction from the supremacy of Qing dynasty and unrecognized by British diplomats.As early as 1860 or even earlier,Xue Huan et al.,some Qing officers,plotted secretly to assign Li Taiguo through the supreme power.It resulted in the official appointment by Zongli Yamen in 1861.Although British diplomats never openly acknowledged He Guiqing’s designation of Li Taiguo,they consistently supported the idea of having a British person as Inspector General of the Qing Maritime Customs for their interest.

关 键 词：李泰国 海关总税务司 普鲁斯密信 薛焕 总理衙门 

分 类 号：F752.59[经济管理—国际贸易] K252[经济管理—产业经济]