二氧化碳捕集技术研究和工程示范进展  

Progress in research and engineering demonstration of CO_(2) capture technology

作　　者：刘克峰[1] 刘陶然 蔡勇[1] 胡雪生[1] 董卫刚[1] 周华群[1] 高飞[1] LIU Kefeng;LIU Taoran;CAI Yong;HU Xuesheng;DONG Weigang;ZHOU Huaqun;GAO Fei(Petrochemical Research Institute,PetroChina,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司石油化工研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第6期2901-2914,共14页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：中国石油科技专项(2021ZZ01);中国石油炼油化工与新材料分公司科技计划(22-LH-40-05)。

摘　　要：捕集、封存(CCS)/捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)技术是缓解日趋严重气候问题的有效措施,其中CO_(2)捕集是CCS/CCUS技术中的关键环节。经过多年发展,以乙醇胺为代表以及在此基础上发展起来的多氨基胺、位阻胺、离子液体等化学胺吸收碳捕集技术逐渐成熟,此类技术已开展或正在进行大型试验或工业示范。科研机构已经完成了技术评审(TR)的关键节点验证,积累了丰富的经验。本文结合具体案例简要介绍了包括燃烧前、富氧燃烧、化学链燃烧和燃烧后捕集技术的进展情况,分析了各类技术目前存在的主要问题,并提出了影响CO_(2)捕集技术大范围推广的关键因素。捕集能耗高、设备投资和维护成本高、产生的废弃物量大是影响捕集成本的主要因素。此外,捕集的CO_(2)主要还是用于驱油和埋存,尚不成熟的CO_(2)化工转化技术生产的产品竞争力比较弱。CCS/CCUS is an effective way to alleviate the increasing serious environmental problems and CO_(2) capture is an important part of CCS/CCUS.Through decades of sustained development,the chemical amine carbon capture technologies represented by MEA,and the subsequent developed polyamino amines,steric hindrance amines and ionic liquids technologies are gradually maturing,and many of them have been carried out or are undergoing large scale pilot test or industrial demonstration.The research institutions have achieved the key node validation of Technical Review(TR)and accumulated rich experiences.In this review,the pre-combustion,the Oxy-combustion,the chemical looping combustion and the post-combustion capture technologies were briefly introduced with some specific cases,and the main problems with different technologies were analyzed.High capture energy consumption,high equipment investment and maintenance spends,and large amount of wastes were the main factors influencing the capture cost.Moreover,the captured CO_(2) was mainly used for enhanced oil recovery or sequestration,and the immature CO_(2) conversion technologies still cannot produce competitive products in the market.

关 键 词：二氧化碳捕集 放大 吸收 吸附 工程示范 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]