不同补氮程度油品罐通过呼吸阀排放油气危险性研究  

Study on the hazard of oil and gas emissions from oils tank with different nitrogen supplement levels through breathing valves

作　　者：张东许 李佳航 多英全[2,3] 吴宗之 ZHANG Dongxu;LI Jiahang;DUO Yingquan;WU Zongzhi(School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China;Key Laboratory of Major Hazard and Chemical Industry Park System Safety Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100012,China;China Occupation Safety and Health Association,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100012 [3]重大危险源与化工园区系统安全应急管理部重点实验室,北京100012 [4]中国职业安全健康协会,北京100029

出　　处：《压力容器》2024年第4期43-52,共10页Pressure Vessel Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“化工园区重大风险智能感知与预警技术及规范”(2021YFC3001200)。

摘　　要：在大型油品贮罐建设量增加的趋势下,针对内浮顶罐在不同补氮程度下形成的不同浓度的气相空间油气,通过呼吸阀排放时形成的爆炸性危险的研究尚显不足。采用Fluent模拟研究不同补氮程度下形成的气相空间油气,在不同风速下通过呼吸阀排放时的爆炸危险性。结果表明,在罐底安装针对呼吸阀排放危险性的监测设备无法进行有效监测;外界风速在罐顶形成旋涡,在呼吸阀附近挤压作用明显,对呼吸阀排放出的油气起到加速扩散和稀释作用;在有无外界风干扰时,距离罐顶中心0.1 m处安装监测设备,均可以快速监测到气相空间内浓度为5%~100%的油气经过呼吸阀排放的爆炸危险性;罐内、外监测设备监测到危险性浓度后,应采取预防气相空间内形成危险性油气浓度、预防气相空间内形成可排放压力、防止危险性浓度的油气排放等措施,以进行综合治理。With the increasing construction volume of large oil storage tanks,there is still insufficient research on the explosive hazards caused by the gas phase oil and gas concentration formed by internal floating roof tanks under different nitrogen replenishment levels and the discharge through breathing valves.The oil and gas concentration in the gas-phase space formed under different nitrogen supplementation levels was studied using Fluent simulation,and the explosion hazard of breathing valve emissions at different wind speeds was studied.The results show that installing monitoring equipment for breathing valve emissions at the bottom of the tank cannot effectively monitor the hazard;The external wind speed forms a vortex at the roof of the tank,and the squeezing effect is obvious near the breathing valve,which accelerates the diffusion and dilution of the oil and gas discharged from the breathing valve;When there is no external wind interference,the monitoring equipment can be installed 0.1 m away from the center of the tank roof to quickly monitor the explosion hazard of oil and gas concentration of 5%~100%in the gas phase space discharged through the breathing valve;After the monitoring equipment outside and inside the tank detects hazardous concentrations,comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent the formation of hazardous oil and gas concentrations in the gasphase space,prevent the formation of discharge pressure in the gas-phase space,and prevent the discharge of oil and gas of hazardous concentrations.

关 键 词：油品储罐 呼吸阀 补氮程度 气相空间 监测设备 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]