卫星低温压力容器贮供技术研究进展与关键技术分析(一)  

Research progress and key technology analysis of satellite cryogenic tank storage and supply technology(1)

作　　者：于斌 黄诚[1] 马天驹[2] 李凯 顾森东[2] 郭宁 朱建柄[2] YU Bin;HUANG Cheng;MA Tianju;LI Kai;GU Sendong;GUO Ning;ZHU Jianbing(Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Lanzhou Institute of Physics,CAST,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学,长沙410083 [2]兰州空间技术物理研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《压力容器》2024年第4期60-71,共12页Pressure Vessel Technology

基　　金：真空技术与物理重点实验室基金项目(HTKJ2021KL510002)。

摘　　要：针对航天卫星、飞船等航天器推进系统对于高密度、低压力贮存、在轨可加注低温推进剂应用需求,本文提出了卫星低温压力容器主要关键技术,包括材料与结构技术、流体供给管理技术、被动绝热防护技术、主动制冷热耦合技术、质量监测技术、液气转化技术、压力调节技术、流量控制技术和在轨加注技术。分析了国外在该研究方面的技术进展和发展趋势,对国内研究进展进行了概括论述,并提出了技术发展建议。综合研究表明,卫星低温压力容器贮供技术是空间领域未来核心关键技术,可为航天器电推进系统发展提供强有力支撑。Aiming at the application requirements of spacecraft propulsion systems such as space satellites and spacecrafts for high-density,low-pressure storage and on-orbit refueling cryogenic propellants,this paper proposes the main key technologies of satellite cryogenic pressure vessels,including material and structure technology,fluid supply management technology,passive adiabatic protection technology,active refrigeration thermal coupling technology,quality monitoring technology,liquid-gas conversion technology,pressure regulation technology,flow control technology and on-orbit refueling technology.The technological progress and development trend of this research in foreign countries were analyzed,and the domestic research progress was summarized and discussed,furthermore,the suggestions for technological development were put forward.The comprehensive research shows that the storage and supply technology of satellite cryogenic pressure vessel is the core key technology in the future space field,which can provide strong support for the development of spacecraft electric propulsion system.

关 键 词：低温压力容器 低温推进剂 低温流体管理 卫星推进系统 热耦合技术 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] V47[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] V43