不良导体导热系数测量仪器的改进及“温差发电”装置设计  

Improvement of Thermal Conductivity Measurement Instrument for Poor Conductors and Design of“Temperature Difference Power Generation”Device

作　　者：杨有贞 潘勇志[2] YANG Youzhen;PAN Yongzhi(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering;School of Physics,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学物理学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2024年第3期71-76,共6页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：教育部产学合作协同育人项目(220802557073031);宁夏大学岩土力学与工程卓越教学团队建设项目(ZYJXTD2023008);宁夏区级一流本科课程(大学物理实验)(宁教办函[2023]103号)。

摘　　要：针对高校重要的综合性热学实验—不良导体导热系数测量装置中铜盘上下表面散热不均匀、散热系数存在差异而产生实验精度不高的问题,借助水冷交换器,自制水循环装置,通过在散热盘底部分别安装两块尺寸为40*80*10(mm)和五块尺寸为40*40*10(mm)的导冷块两种方式改进装置,实现均匀散热,采集并处理数据,结果表明,第一种改进方式更佳,实验精度提高了9~15倍。在此基础上,基于半导体的塞贝克效应,利用加热盘与散热盘的余热,成功将后者由负载变为电源,设计了绿色环保发电模式—-温差发电装置,实现了发光二极管之“光”和音乐之“声”和直流电机带动扇叶之“动”,并分析了三种负载端电压与温差特点及线性元件与非线性元件的伏安特性曲线。Aiming at the problems of low accuracy caused by uneven heat dissipation and differences in heat dissipation coefficient between upper and lower surfaces of copper disk in the measurement device for thermal conductivity of bad conductors,an important comprehensive thermal experiment in universities,self-made water circulation device with the help ofwater cooling exchanger.The device was improved by installing two 40*80*10(mm)and five 40*40*10(mm)cooling guide blocks at the bottom of the cooling disc to achieve uniform heat dissipation and collect and process data.The results show that the first improved method is better,and the experimental accuracy has increased by 9~15 times.On this basis,based on the Seebeck effect of semiconductors,the waste heat of heating disk and cooling disk was used to successfully change the latter from load to power supply,and a green and environmentally friendly power generation mode-temperature difference power generation device is designed,with the“light”of LED and the“sound”of jasmine music and the“fluttering in the wind”of DC motor driven by fan blades blowing.And the volt ampere characteristic curves of three types of load terminal voltages and temperature differences,as well as linear and nonlinear components were analyzed.

关 键 词：导热系数 水冷交换 塞贝克效应 温差发电 

分 类 号：O441.6[理学—电磁学]