小麦氮素吸收利用的调控机制研究进展  

Research advance on the regulation mechanisms of nitrogen uptake and utilization in wheat

作　　者：艾伟伟 魏淑红[1] AI Weiwei;WEI Shuhong(College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637100,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637100

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2024年第5期784-798,共15页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31501304);西华师范大学国家级一般培育项目(19B039)。

摘　　要：小麦(Triticum aestivum)供给人类基本的营养物质。人口不断增长需要更高的粮食产量,施加氮肥可实现小麦增产,但大部分氮肥未被作物吸收利用,而是流失到环境中并造成严重的环境污染,因此提高小麦氮素利用效率对农业可持续发展至关重要。本文综述了小麦氮素吸收利用的生理和分子基础及代谢调控,并提出未来重点关注的几个研究方向:(1)挖掘调控小麦根长、根数、根体积、根面积、根角等性状的基因,并探讨其在氮素吸收利用中的作用;(2)关注土壤养分、土壤微生物及非生物胁迫与小麦氮素吸收利用之间协同共享调控途径的研究;(3)加强氮素吸收、转运和同化相关基因的功能及调控机制研究;(4)鉴定氮素吸收、转运、同化基因的优异等位变异,挖掘优异小麦遗传资源,以期为提高小麦氮素利用效率(NUE)提供基础。Wheat(Triticum aestivum)provides humans with essential nutrients.With the increasing population,higher food production is required.Applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase wheat yield,but most nitrogen fertilizer is not absorbed by crops,which escapes into the environment and causes serious environmental pollution.Therefore,improving nitrogen use efficiency in wheat is crucial for agricultural sustainable development.This article summarizes the physiological and molecular basis as well as metabolic regulation of nitrogen uptake and utilization in wheat,and proposes several research directions for future focus:(1)The genes of root length,root number,root volume,root area and root angle of wheat should be excavated to further explore their functions in nitrogen uptake and utilization.(2)More attention should be paid to the synergistic and shared regulatory pathways among soil nutrients,soil microbial and abiotic stresses,and nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat.(3)The function and regulatory mechanism of genes related to nitrogen uptake,transport and assimilation should be strengthened.(4)The excellent allelic variation genes related to nitrogen uptake,transport and assimilation should be identified,and excellent wheat genetic resources should be mined,in order to provide a basis for improving wheat nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：小麦 氮素利用效率 生理和分子基础 调控机制 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]