蜡梅花芽分化期腋芽形态及叶片生理生化动态变化  

Dynamic changes in axillary bud morphology and leaf physiology and biochemistry during the flower bud differentiation stage of Chimonanthus praecox

作　　者：袁蒲英[1,2] 宋兴荣 YUAN Puying;SONG Xingrong(Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,成都610066 [2]农业农村部西南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,成都610066

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2024年第5期850-858,共9页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(育种攻关)(2021YFYZ0006);四川省财政自主创新专项(2022ZZCX048)。

摘　　要：开展蜡梅花芽分化特性研究能够为花期调控和栽培管理提供理论依据。以蜡梅新品系XD-2107的成花枝和不成花枝为实验材料,采用物候期观察、石蜡切片观测花芽分化过程中腋芽的形态发育变化,并研究相关重要生理生化指标[吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA_(3))、脱落酸(ABA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、碳氮比(C/N)]的变化。结果表明:蜡梅花芽分化始于5月上中旬,也是其分化的关键时期,再经花被片原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期及雌蕊原基分化期,至7月上中旬进入缓慢发育期;低水平IAA、GA_(3),高水平ABA、ABA/GA_(3)、ABA/IAA、ZR/IAA、C/N值有利于蜡梅花芽分化的启动;植物激素及营养物质含量在雄、雌蕊原基分化期有较大波动;7月持续高温出现后,成花枝叶片激素及营养物质含量接近不成花枝叶片或回到未分化时期水平,蜡梅花芽进入缓慢发育阶段。综上,根据植物激素和营养物质的变化采取相应措施可以调控蜡梅成花,提高成花数量及开花品质。Research on the flower bud differentiation characteristics can provide theoretical basis for flowering period regulation and cultivation management of Chimonanthus praecox.The flowering and non-flowering branches of new strain XD-2107 was used as the experimental materials.Phenological and paraffin section observation was used to observe the morphological development changes of axillary buds during flower bud differentiation,and physiological and biochemical indicators such as indole acetic acid(IAA),gibberellin(GA_(3)),abscisic acid(ABA),zeatin nucleoside(ZR),soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein,and carbon nitrogen ratio(C/N)were researched.The results showed that the differentiation of flower buds began in early to mid-May,which was also a critical period for the differentiation.It then goes through the differentiation stages of tepal primordium,stamen primordium and pistil primordium,and began to develop slowly from early to mid-July.Low levels of IAA and GAs,high levels of ABA,ABA/GA_(3),ABA/IAA,ZR/IAA and C/N values were beneficial for the initiation of flower bud differentiation.The content of phytohormone and nutrients fluctuated significantly during the differentiation period of stamen and pistil primordium.After the sustained high temperature in July,the hormone and nutrient content in the flowering branch leaves approached that of the non-flowering branch leaves or returned to the level of undifferentiated stage,and the flower buds entered a slow development stage.These results indicated that corresponding measures should be taken to regulate and control the flowering of C.praecox and improve the quantity and quality,based on the changes of phytohormone and nutrients.

关 键 词：蜡梅 花芽分化 植物激素 营养物质 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]