银行业金融科技创新、结构性普惠效应与创业活力  

Bank Fintech,Structural Inclusion Effect and Entrepreneurial Vitality

作　　者：李茂林 王子路 何光辉[1] 王宇琨 Li Maolin;Wang Zilu;He Guanghui;Wang Yukun(School of Economics,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2024年第6期195-216,共22页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国网络借贷市场逆向选择、道德风险与信贷配给研究”(项目号:71773022)的资助。

摘　　要：银行业作为中国金融体系和企业信贷供给主体,其技术创新在普惠金融方面的作用很少被研究。本文首先利用基于语义的机器学习技术衡量了中国商业银行的金融科技创新质量,然后将其与2011~2021年2亿条全国工商企业注册数据匹配,考察银行金融科技对创业活动的影响。本文研究发现,商业银行在金融科技领域主要表现为数量竞争,而创新质量提升趋势不明显。银行金融科技对城市创业活动产生结构性普惠效应:一方面,银行金融科技有利于促进小规模市场主体创业,并且主要覆盖传统信贷资源薄弱地区和融资约束较为严重的高启动资金行业;但另一方面,银行金融科技的普惠效应主要来源于大型银行信贷扩张,中小银行因竞争压力加大导致其贷款数量和质量下降。进一步研究表明,银行金融科技与互联网金融科技的作用效应存在互补性,不仅能有效促进互联网金融科技落后的城市创业,同时能显著拉动经济增长。本研究对于深入理解银行业在数字经济时代的变革与机遇和数字金融对高质量发展的作用具有重要意义。As a mainstay of China's financial system and the primary supplier of corporate credit,the banking sector's role in leveraging technological innovation for financial inclusion remains underexplored.This paper first measures the degree of fintech innovation in Chinese commercial banks using semantic-based machine learning techniques.We then examine the impact of bank fintech on entrepreneurial activity.using data matched with 200 million commercial and industrial business registrations from 2011 to 2021.The study finds that in the fintech realm,commercial banks primarily engage in quantity competition,with a limited tendency towards improving innovation quality.Bank fintech exhibits a structured inclusivity effect on urban entrepreneurial activities.On one hand,it promotes entrepreneurship among small market players,particularly in regions with scant traditional credit resources and in industries requiring high start-up capital and facing severe financing constraints.However,the inclusivity mainly arises from credit expansion by large banks.This has intensified competitive pressures on smaller banks,causing a decline in both the volume and quality of their loans.Further research shows that bank fintech and internet fintech have complementary effects;not only do they effectively promote entrepreneurship in cities where internet fintech is less developed,but they also significantly drive economic growth.This research significantly contributes to understanding the transformations and opportunities the banking sector faces in the digital era,as well as the pivotal role of digital finance in fostering high-quality development.

关 键 词：银行业金融科技 创业 普惠金融 专利创新度 机器学习 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学] F279.2