口腔按摩改善早产低体质量儿经口喂养的临床应用效果观察  

Observation on the clinical application effect of oral stimulation in improving oral feeding of preterm low birthweight infants

作　　者：沈健家 沈丽青[1] SHEN Jian-jia;SHEN Li-qing(Department of Neonatology,Shanghai Jiading District Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Shanghai 201821,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区妇幼保健院新生儿科,上海201821

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2024年第11期1991-1994,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：上海市嘉定区卫生健康委员会科研项目(2019-KY-16)。

摘　　要：目的探讨口腔按摩改善早产低体质量儿经口喂养的临床应用效果。方法选择2020年5月—2021年8月上海市嘉定区妇幼保健院新生儿科收治胎龄30~36+6周,出生体质量<2500 g的早产低体质量儿,随机分为对照组和干预组,对照组给予早产儿常规发育支持护理进行喂养,干预组在对照组的基础上给予1次/d 12 min的口腔按摩。两组进行前瞻性研究,比较其达到开始经口喂养时和完全经口喂养时的纠正胎龄,并在这两个时间点计算过渡时间,观察喂养能力如喂养效率、喂养成效及摄入奶量比,记录每日体质量、恢复出生体质量时间、住院时间及肠外营养时间,计算过渡期、住院期的生长速率,记录并计算住院期间喂养不耐受、呼吸暂停、高胆红素血症、感染等不良反应及合并症发生率。结果共纳入早产低体质量儿114例,对照组56例,干预组58例。干预组在完全经口喂养时的纠正胎龄,过渡时间,恢复出生体质量时间和住院时间小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.357、Z=2.901,t=-2.354、-2.025,均P<0.05)。干预组在开始经口喂养时的摄入奶量比、完全经口喂养时的喂养效率、喂养成效、过渡期及住院期的生长速率大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.063、-7.171、-3.772,t=2.194、2.686,均P<0.05)。两组在开始经口喂养时的纠正胎龄、喂养效率、喂养成效、完全经口喂养时的摄入奶量比、肠外营养时间、住院期间不良反应及合并症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论口腔按摩有助于增强早产低体质量儿的喂养能力,提早实现完全经口喂养,加快生长速率和减少住院时间。Objective To study the clinical efficacy of oral stimulation in improving oral feeding of preterm low birthweight infants.Methods From May 2020 to August 2021,the neonatal department of Shanghai Jiading Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital was selected to treat preterm low birthweight infants with a gestational age of 30 to 36+6 weeks and a birth weight less than 2500 g,which were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group.The control group was fed with conventional developmental support nursing care for preterm infants and the intervention group was given oral exercise intervention of 12 minutes per day on the basis of the control group.Two groups of preterm low birth weight infants conducted prospective studies to compare their postmenstrual age at the initiation of oral feeding and the time of full oral feeding,calculated the transition time at these two time points,observed feeding capacity such as feeding efficiency,feeding effectiveness,milk intake ratio,etc,recorded daily weight,time of return to birth weight,length of hospitalization,parenteral nutrition time,calculated the growth velocity of transition and hospitalization.The incidence of adverse reactions and comorbidities such as feeding intolerance,apnea,hyperbilirubinemia,infection,etc.during hospitalization were recorded.Results A total of 114 preterm low birthweight infants,56 cases in the control group and 58 cases in the intervention group were included.The postmenstrual age at the time of full oral feeding,transition time,time of return to birthweight and length of hospitalization of the intervention group were significantly smaller than those of the control group.The difference was statistically significant(t=-2.357,Z=-2.901,t=-2.354,-2.025,all P<0.05).The milk intake ratio at the initiation of oral feeding,the feeding efficiency and the feeding effectiveness at the time of full oral feeding,the growth velocity of transition period and the growth velocity of hospitalization of the intervention group were significantly h

关 键 词：早产低体质量儿 口腔按摩 经口喂养 生长速率 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]