3D打印聚酰亚胺材料研究与进展  

Research progress in 3D printing of polyimide material

作　　者：杜新玉 刘仪 莫松[1] 何民辉[1] 翟磊[1] 范琳[1,2] Xin-Yu Du;Yi Liu;Song Mo;Min-Hui He;Lei Zhai;Lin Fan(Key Laboratoryof Science and Technologyon High-ech Polymer Materials,Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academyof Sciences,Bejing 00190 China;School of Chemical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 101408,China)

机构地区：[1]极端环境高分子材料重点实验室,中国科学院化学研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学化学科学学院,北京101408

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2024年第6期856-870,共15页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：中国科协青年人才托举工程(编号:2022QNRC001)资助项目。

摘　　要：3D打印可根据三维数字化模型在不使用模具的前提下将制件逐层成型,具有传统成型工艺难以企及的效率与经济优势,已在轨道交通和航空航天等领域得到应用.但可打印聚合物材料种类与性能不足,制约了3D打印从原型制备技术向工程制造技术的发展.聚酰亚胺本征兼具高耐热性与优异力学性能,将3D打印技术与聚酰亚胺材料相结合有助于缩小3D打印与传统成型技术的差距,释放3D打印工业应用潜力.本文总结了近年来国内外3D打印聚酰亚胺的发展现状,重点从聚酰亚胺物理与化学特性调控、材料制备与改性、3D打印工艺与后处理工艺优化、打印件性能与功能以及尺寸稳定性等方面对熔融沉积、立体光刻、数字光处理、直接墨水书写、紫外辅助直接墨水书写以及选择性激光烧结成型聚酰亚胺的研究工作进行了介绍,并对3D打印聚酰亚胺未来发展面临的挑战进行了讨论分析.3D printing is defined as the process of fabricating parts from a three-dimensional data model by joining materials layer by layer,which could more efficiently and economically fabricate complex components than traditional molding technology.Therefore,3D printing technology has been applied in rail transportation,aerospace,and other fields.However,the evolution of 3D printing from a prototyping tool to a manufacturing technology is impeded by the limited selection and inadequate properties of polymeric materials suitable for 3D printing.Polyimide exhibits intrinsically outstanding mechanical and thermal performance.By combining polyimide materials with 3D printing technique,narrowing the gap between 3D printing and traditional molding technology and releasing potential in industrial applications can be achieved.In this review,recent research progress in the 3D printing of polyimide by fused deposition modeling,stereolithography,digital light processing,direct ink writing,UV-assisted direct ink writing,and selective laser sintering was summarized.The controlling of physical and chemical features of polyimide,synthesis and modification of polyimide material,optimization of the 3D printing process and post-processing,performance and functionality,as well as dimensional stability of printed part were clearly discussed.Finally,the challenges for the future development of 3D printing of polyimide were analyzed.

关 键 词：3D打印 聚酰亚胺 力学性能 耐热性 尺寸稳定性 

分 类 号：TQ323.7[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TP391.73[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]