高钠血症的诊断和治疗  

Diagnosis and treatment of hypernatraemia

作　　者：刘志红[1] 张力辉[1] LIU Zhi-hong;ZHANG Li-hui(Department of Endocrinology,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第二医院内分泌科,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《中国实用内科杂志》2024年第5期361-364,共4页Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine

摘　　要：高钠血症是一种常见的电解质紊乱,尤其在婴幼儿、老年人和危重症患者中发生率和病死率较高。血清钠浓度与水稳态有关,水稳态依赖于下丘脑渴觉中枢、精氨酸加压素和肾脏对精氨酸加压素的反应调节,文章介绍了高钠血症的主要发病机制,为高钠血症患者提供了具体的治疗方向。由于高钠血症的纠正率和病死率显著相关,因此及时有效地治疗至关重要。高钠血症可分为三大类,低血容量性、等容量性和高血容量性,每种类型都有独特的治疗需求。Hypernatraemia is a common electrolyte disorder with high morbidity and mortality,especially in infants and children,the elderly and critically ill patients.Serum sodium concentration is related to water homeostasis,which is dependent on the regulation of the hypothalamic thirst centre,argipressin and renal response to argipressin.This review introduces the main pathogenesis of hypernatraemia and provides specific directions of treatment for patients with hypernatraemia.Prompt and effective treatment for hypernatraemia is essential as the rate of correction of hypernatraemia is significantly correlated with mortality.Hypernatraemia can be classified into 3 main categories,hypovolemic,isovolemic and hypervolemic,each with unique treatment needs.

关 键 词：高钠血症 诊断 治疗 

分 类 号：R589[医药卫生—内分泌]