成年人常年性过敏性鼻炎的过敏原分布情况及影响因素  

Distribution and Influencing Factors of Allergens in Adults with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

作　　者：叶小静 刘英 YE Xiaojing;LIU Ying(Department of ENT,Tsinghua University Hospital,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学医院耳鼻喉科,北京100084

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2024年第18期8-10,共3页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的探究成年人常年性过敏性鼻炎的过敏原分布情况及影响因素。方法研究选择清华大学医院2020年1月至2022年12月接受过敏性鼻炎过敏原检测的542例患者作为研究对象,分析患者过敏原分布情况,并对影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果从过敏原分布看,吸入性过敏原384例,阳性率89.10%,高于食入性过敏原的22.97%(χ^(2)=7.73,P<0.05)。其中,尘螨的阳性率最高,阳性率为51.28%,其次是猫毛,为19.49%。在单因素分析中,性别、年龄、既往过敏史、BMI、饮食习惯、居住环境及父母过敏史是常年性过敏性鼻炎的影响因素(P<0.05)。在Logistic回归分析中,男性、年龄≤25岁、有既往过敏史、BMI>28.0 kg/m^(2)、饮食习惯欠佳、居住环境不佳及父母有过敏史是常年性过敏性鼻炎的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论成年人常年性过敏性鼻炎以男性为主,吸入性过敏原的阳性率更高,年龄≤25岁、有既往病史、居住环境不佳等均是危险因素,应做好相关防治工作,降低常年性过敏性鼻炎的发病率。Objective Exploring the distribution of allergens and influencing factors in adult perennial allergic rhinitis.Methods The study selected 542 patients who underwent allergen testing for allergic rhinitis at Tsinghua University Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 as the research subjects..The distribution of allergens in patients was analyzed,and logistic regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors.Results From the distribution of allergens,there were 384 cases of inhaled allergens,with a positive rate of 89.10%,higher than the 22.97%of ingested allergens(χ^(2)=7.73,P<0.05).Among them,the positivity rate of dust mites is the highest,with a positivity rate of 51.28%,followed by cat hair(19.49%).In univariate analysis,gender,age,previous allergy history,BMI,dietary habits,living environment,and parental allergy history were the influencing factors for perennial allergic rhinitis(P<0.05).In logistic regression analysis,male,age≤25 years old,history of allergies,BMI>28.0 kg/m^(2),poor dietary habits,poor living environment,and parental allergy history were risk factors for perennial allergic rhinitis(P<0.05).Conclusions Adult perennial allergic rhinitis is mainly male,and the positive rate of inhaled allergens is higher.Age≤25 years old,previous medical history,poor living environment,etc.are risk factors.Relevant prevention and treatment work should be done to reduce the incidence rate of perennial allergic rhinitis.

关 键 词：成年人 常年性过敏性鼻炎 过敏原 影响因素 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]