珠葱组培脱毒技术研究  

Establishment of Tissue Culture and Virus Eliminating Technology for Shallot

作　　者：张春雨[1] 王晨 刘建青 战笑蕾 李小宇[1] 王永志[1] ZHANG Chunyu;WANG Chen;LIU Jianqing;ZHAN Xiaolei;LI Xiaoyu;WANG Yongzhi(Institute of Plant Protection,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling,Jilin 136100,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)植物保护研究所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2024年第6期1426-1434,共9页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科技厅重点研发计划项目(20230202108NC)。

摘　　要：以珠葱(Allium cepa var.aggregatum)鳞茎茎尖为外植体,以直接诱导丛生芽和愈伤组织诱导分化两种方式获得组培苗,对消毒处理方式、培养基植物生长调节剂配比、茎尖剥离大小等条件进行优化,采用ELISA检测方法对葱潜隐病毒(SLV)和洋葱黄矮病毒(OYDV)复合侵染的鳞茎组培苗的脱毒效果进行检测。结果表明:珠葱茎尖外植体采用75%乙醇浸泡30 s后用2%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡15 min消毒效果最佳,污染率为6.7%,成活率93.3%;确定最佳茎尖分生组织诱导培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L^(-1)NAA+1.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA,诱芽率达85.6%,平均分化芽数3.3个;最佳愈伤组织培养基为MS+0.4 mg·L^(-1)NAA+0.5 mg·L^(-1)2,4-D,愈伤率为71.7%;最佳生芽培养基为MS+0.4 mg·L^(-1)NAA+1.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA,生芽率达82.2%,平均分化苗数9.23个;在不加外源植物生长调节剂的1/2MS培养基中即可满足生根需求,生根率达100%;通过剥离0.3~0.4 mm的茎尖促愈伤获得珠葱脱毒种苗,利用ELISA检测组培苗中,脱毒率可达92%;对已完成脱毒且生长健壮的组培苗进行移栽,成活率为90%。The bulb tip of shallot was used as explants to obtain tissue culture seedlings by direct induced clustered shoots and callus-induced differentiation.The disinfection treatment,plant growth regulator ratio of medium and the size of bulb tip were optimized,and the virus-free effect of shallot latent virus(SLV)and onion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV)in tissue culture seedlings was tested by ELISA.The results showed that the bulb tip explants were soaked in 75%ethanol for 30 s and 2%sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 min.The pollution rate was 6.7%and the survival rate was 93.3%.The optimal bulb tip induction medium was MS+0.5 mg·L^(-1) NAA+1.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA,with the bud induction rate of 85.6%and the average number of differentiated buds was 3.3.The optimal callus medium was MS+0.4 mg·L^(-1) NAA+0.5 mg·L^(-1)2,4-D and the callus rate was 71.7%.The optimal bud-forming medium was MS+0.4 mg·L^(-1) NAA+1.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA,with the bud-forming rate was 82.2%and the average number of seedlings was 9.23.The rooting requirement could be satisfied in 1/2MS medium without plant growth regulator ratio,and the rooting rate could reach 100%.The shallot virus-free seedlings were obtained by stripping the bulb tips of 0.3–0.4 mm,with the virus-free rate of 92%.The survival rate of tissue culture seedlings was 90%after transplanting.

关 键 词：珠葱 茎尖诱导 愈伤分化 脱毒种苗 

分 类 号：S633.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]