2018-2022年辽宁省沈阳市季节性流感病毒流行特征及乙型流感病毒分子进化分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza viruses and molecular evolution analysis of influenza B virus in Shenyang,Liaoning province,2018−2022

作　　者：陈玲 韩雪 丛实 栗凡 杨佳璎 陈叶 李希妍[3] 朱闻斐[3] 王冰 Chen Ling;Han Xue;Cong Shi;Li Fan;Yang Jiaying;Chen Ye;Li Xiyan;Zhu Wenfei;Wang Bing(Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang 110034,Liaoning,China;Institute of Pathogen Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100010,China;National Influenza Center,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang 110000,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳医学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院病原生物学研究所,北京100010 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家流感中心,北京102206 [4]沈阳市疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《疾病监测》2024年第5期609-615,共7页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81971941);国家重点研发计划(No.202121YFC2300100)。

摘　　要：目的通过研究2018—2022年辽宁省沈阳市监测周期中流感病毒的病原学监测情况,了解该市流感病毒的流行特征,同时,对乙型流感病毒的血凝素全长基因进行扩增,分析沈阳市流感病毒流行的分子特征及谱系进化特点。方法采集2018年10月1日至2022年3月31日沈阳市哨点医院门诊ILI咽拭子标本,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)方法确认流感病毒核酸阳性后进行病毒分离,选取部分乙型流感毒株,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法对其血凝素全长基因进行扩增测序,使用Snapgene软件对测序结果进行拼接,Clustal W比对多重序列,最后使用MEGA 7.0软件构建进化树分析氨基酸突变位点。结果2018—2022监测周期中沈阳市流感病毒检出总阳性率为5.00%,主要以A/H1N1型病毒为主(44.38%),其次是A/H3N2病毒(28.37%)和B/Victoria(27.24%),未检测到B/Yamagata系毒株。在2020—2021和2021—2022两个流行季中B/Victoria系毒株占比分别为83.33%和86.66%,为绝对优势株,且人群分布中5~14岁年龄组易感。沈阳市分离到的B/Victoria系毒株其血凝素基因均在V1A分支上。与疫苗株相比,流行株在HA蛋白的120环、150环、160环及190螺旋等关键抗原决定簇部位有多个氨基酸位点突变。结论在2018—2022年监测周期中,流感病毒流行的亚型多样性减少,但B/Victoria系遗传多样性增加,而且在多个关键抗原决定簇上发生突变,因此,需对流感的流行特征和乙型流感分子进化情况作以持续的监测,为以流感为主的呼吸道传染病防控提供科学依据。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza viruses in Shenyang,Liaoning province,by studying the pathogenetic surveillance of influenza viruses in the monitoring cycle from 2018−2022,and also to analyze the molecular features and genealogical evolutionary characteristics of influenza virus epidemics in Shenyang by amplifying the Hemagglutinin full-length genes of influenza B viruses.Methods Throat swab samples from influenza-like illness in out-patient clinics of Shenyang Sentinel Hospital from October 1,2018 to March 31,2022 were collected.After confirming positive nucleic acid of influenza virus by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),the virus was isolated.Some influenza B strains were selected and their full-length heamagglutinin(HA)gene was amplified and sequenced by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Snapgene software was used to spline the sequencing results,ClustalW was used to compare multiple sequences,and MEGA7.0 software was used to construct an evolutionary tree to analyze amino acid mutation sites.Results The total positive rate of influenza viruses detected in Shenyang in the 2018−2022 surveillance cycle was 5.00%,which was mainly dominated by A/H1N1 viruses(44.38%),followed by A/H3N2 viruses(28.37%)and B/Victoria(27.24%),and no B/Yamagata lineage strains were detected.However,B/Victoria strains accounted for 83.33%and 86.66%as the absolute dominant strains in the epidemic seasons of 2020−2021 and 2021−2022,respectively.And the age group of 5–14 years old was susceptible in the population distribution.The Hemagglutinin genes of the B/Victoria strains isolated in Shenyang were all on the V1A branch.Compared with the vaccine strain,the epidemic strain had multiple amino acid site mutations in key antigen determinant sites of Hemagglutinin protein,such as 120-loop,150-loop,160-loop and 190-helix.Conclusion In the 2018−2022 surveillance cycle,the influenza virus subtype diversity decreased,but the B/Victoria strain genetic

关 键 词：乙型流感 B/Victoria 血凝素基因 基因特征 分子进化 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R183.3