齿形结构对迷宫密封泄漏与动力特性影响  

Effect of tooth profile on the leakage and dynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals

作　　者：叶强生 张万福[1,2] 周庆辉[1] 李春 YE Qiangsheng;ZHANG Wanfu;ZHOU Qinghui;LI Chun(School of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093 [2]上海理工大学上海市动力工程多相流动与传热重点实验室,上海200093

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2024年第6期275-286,共12页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51875361);上海市自然科学基金(20ZR1439200)。

摘　　要：建立齿在静子上迷宫密封(TOS LS)、齿在转子上迷宫密封(TOR LS)与交错式迷宫密封(ILS)三维数值分析模型,并采用多频椭圆涡动轨迹模型与计算流体力学方法阐明4种齿形角(θ=0°,15°,30°,45°)对3种迷宫密封泄漏与动力特性的影响。结果表明:在转子转速15000 r/min与进口压力6.9×10^(5) Pa的运行工况下,ILS具有最小的泄漏量,但是若采用过小的齿形角(θ=0°,15°)易引发转子失稳;TOR LS具有最差的封严性能;TOS LS具有最好的系统稳定性。在齿形角从0°增加至45°时:TOS LS、TOR LS与ILS的泄漏量分别降低5.6%、5.1%与16.8%;中间腔室负气流切向力的绝对值分别增加60.2%、133.9%与470.3%;整个密封段的有效阻尼分别增加44.9%~61.9%、30.7%~53.6%与90.4%~445.3%,系统稳定性均得到显著加强。The three-dimensional numerical analysis models of teeth-on-stator labyrinth seal(TOS LS),teeth-on-rotor labyrinth seal(TOR LS)and interlocking labyrinth seal(ILS)were established.The effects of four tooth profile angles(θ=0°,15°,30°,45°)on the leakage and dynamic characteristics of three labyrinth seals were investigated by applying multi-frequency elliptical whirling orbit model and computational fluid dynamics method.Under the operating conditions of 15000 r/min rotational speed and 6.9×10^(5)Pa inlet pressure,although ILS leaked the least,it was easy to cause rotor instability if the tooth profile angle was too small(θ=0°,15°);TOR LS had the worst sealing performance,while TOS LS had the best system stability.As the tooth profile angle increased from 0°to 45°:the leakage flow rate of TOS LS,TOR LS and ILS decreased by 5.6%,5.1%and 16.8%;the absolute value of negative flow-induced tangential force for the middle cavity increased by 60.2%,133.9%and 470.3%;the effective damping of the whole seal section increased by 44.9%−61.9%,30.7%−53.6%and 90.4%−445.3%,respectively,indicating the system stability was significantly enhanced.

关 键 词：迷宫密封 计算流体力学 泄漏量 动力特性 齿形角 

分 类 号：V232.9[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TK263[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]