煤的结构基因与煤基碳材料构建研究进展  

The research progress of structural gene of coal and constitution of coal-based carbon material

作　　者：杨建国[1] 杜晨衔 王立鹏 冯能 王羽玲[2] YANG Jianguo;DU Chenxian;WANG Lipeng;FENG Neng;WANG Yuling(National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Chemical Engineering&Technology,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学国家煤加工与洁净化工程技术研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《选煤技术》2024年第2期1-14,共14页Coal Preparation Technology

基　　金：陕煤-秦岭基础科学研究五年行动计划协同创新合作项目(SMYJY20220412)。

摘　　要：“双碳”目标的实现必将带来煤炭作为燃料用量的迅速减少,寻找煤炭的高附加值利用途径是煤炭行业可持续发展的迫切需求。简要介绍了基于单原子组装的无烟煤催化石墨化研究和焦炭催化石墨化研究,以及碳化硅炉炉芯石墨产品和特征,其晶体片径可达100um及以上,且受煤及煤基中间体结构的影响较少。重点介绍了无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤的结构特征与碳材料构建,研究发现煤的结构基因对煤基碳材料的构建有着决定性影响。无烟煤高固定碳含量的稳固碳结构有利于形成高强度的多孔炭和增碳补强剂等碳材料,无烟煤基高温石墨片径在几微米左右,片层平行度较差、交叉较多,适用于制备大规格炭电极的多晶石墨电极、电解槽、化学惰性通道。以烟煤为原料的煤沥青和焦炭中的炭青质是构成褶皱石墨的良好前驱体,煤沥青经针状焦石墨化因包含晶体液相生长过程,晶体片径尺寸可达数十微米以上,所形成的褶皱石墨经球团和浸渍包覆可以作为锂离子电池良好的负极储锂材料;焦炭中非晶态的固定碳也是制备硬碳材料的良好原料。褐煤稀疏的大分子架构和多孔颗粒形态有利于浸渍类碳材料的构建,是制备催化剂载体的优质原料。The drive for achieving the carbon peaking and neutrality goals will inevitably lead to rapid reduction in use of coal as fuel.For keeping sustainable development of the coal industry,to find new way for high value-added utilization of coal has become an urgent need.The paper starts with a brief introduction to the research work so far made on single atom assembly-based catalytic graphitization coal and coke,together with a descrip-tion of the furnace core graphite product and its characteristics.It is noted that the product with a crystal sheet of over 100μm in diameter and is less effected by structure of either coal or coal-based intermediates.The intro-duction is focused on structural characteristics and constitution of carbon materials of anthracite,bituminous coal and lignite.As revealed by study results,the structural gene of coal exerts a decisive influence on the con-stitution of coal-based carbon material;the stable structure of anthracite featuring a high fixed carbon content is conducive to the formation of high-strength porous carbon and other reinforcing carburizers;anthracite-based high-temperature graphite sheet is only a few microns in diameter with layers featuring poor parallelism and more intersections,which is suitable for preparing polycrystalline graphite electrodes,electrolytic cells,and for use as chemical inert channels in production of large carbon electrodes;the coal pitch from bituminous coal and the carbonaceous cyanine from coke are good precursors for forming folded graphite;due to the crystal liquid phase growth process during graphitization of coal pitch by needle coke,the diameter of the crystal sheet can reach tens of microns or more,and the wrinkled graphite formed with pellet and impregnation coating can be used as a good cathode lithium storage material for lithium ion battery;the non-crystalline fixed carbon in coke is suitable for making hard carbon material;and the lignite with a sparse micromolecular structure and a porous granular morphology provides a unique basis for

关 键 词：煤炭高附加值利用 煤的结构基因 煤基碳材料 硬碳材料 多孔碳材料 人造石墨 

分 类 号：TD941[矿业工程—选矿] TQ127.1[化学工程—无机化工]