杉木无性系圃地测定性状遗传变异分析及超早期选择  

Genetic variation analysis and selection of clones based on short-term nursery testing on Cunninghamia lanceolata

作　　者：肖晖[1] 林泽忠 苏顺德[1] 江晓丽 陈海强 吴炜 罗水金 潘隆应 郑仁华[1] XIAO Hui;LIN Zezhong;SU Shunde;JIANG Xiaoli;CHEN Haiqiang;WU Wei;LUO Shuijin;PAN Longying;ZHENG Renhua(Fujian Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Timber Forest Breeding and Cultivation for Mountainous Areas in Southern China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Forest Products Processing,Fuzhou 350012,China;National Forest Farm of Jiangle,Jiangle 353300,China;Fujian Jinshuo Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Jiangle 353300,China;Fujian Jinsen Forestry Co.,Ltd.,Jiangle 353300,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省林业科学研究院,国家林业和草原局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室,福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室,福建福州350012 [2]福建省将乐国有林场,福建将乐353300 [3]福建金硕生物科技有限公司,福建将乐353300 [4]福建金森林业股份有限公司,福建将乐353300

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期63-70,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研业务专项(2020R1009003);福建省林业科技项目(2024FKJ14)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用立地条件相对均一的圃地建立短期测定林,通过分析67个参试杉木无性系苗期生长性状的遗传变异情况及遗传-环境互作效应对各性状选择的影响程度,探讨无性系苗期超早期选择策略,进一步对大量候选无性系开展快速初筛和超早期选择,以降低长期测定成本,提高无性系选育效率。【方法】利用杉木第3代种子园子代实生群体选择优良单株,扦插繁育成无性系,于圃地做性状短期测定。参试无性系67个,重复10次,12株小区,完全随机区组设计。造林1 a后,测定苗高、地径、侧枝数和最长侧枝长度共4个生长性状指标,通过构建表型方差分析模型,估算遗传方差分量,以及遗传与环境互作效应方差分量的值,并利用ASReml软件分别估算遗传力和重复力。【结果】在圃地栽植1 a后,参试无性系的苗高、地径、侧枝数和最长侧枝长度均值分别为0.640 m、1.010 cm、10.30条和0.28 m,4个观察性状的表型变异系数分别为12.86%、14.88%、21.34%和14.89%;参试67个无性系在苗高、地径、侧枝数和最长侧枝长度性状上存在显著遗传差异,测定性状的重复力均达0.74左右,遗传力估值均稳定在0.48左右;所测4个性状的遗传与环境互作方差分量占总遗传方差的35%左右;地径与苗高、侧枝数和最长侧枝长度存在显著相关,遗传相关系数均达0.9以上;以地径性状为指标进行选择,苗高、地径、侧枝数和最长侧枝长度的遗传增益估值随着入选率的降低逐渐增高,但苗高、侧枝数和最长侧枝长度重复力、遗传力以及遗传-环境互作方差比例均保持在较为稳定的范围内,呈现出一定程度的波状变化;而地径则随着入选率的降低,重复力和遗传力估值下降,遗传-环境互作方差比例增大。当入选率降低到40%以下时,杉木无性系的苗高、侧枝数和最长侧枝长度3个性状的遗传-环境互作方差比例分别达到41.18%~48.61%、3【Objective】The efficiency of selection and long-term testing costs for clonal propagation candidates of Cunninghamia lanceolata were improved by implementing a short-term nursery test with 67 clonal propagation candidates.By analyzing the genetic variation of growth traits and the impact of genetic environmental interactions on the selection of various traits of clones during the seedling stage,this study explores strategies for ultra early selection of clone seedlings.【Method】A selection procedure was conducted from a population of two million seedlings,with 275 well performing individuals selected for further prorogation.The seeds were collected from a local third generation C.lanceolata seed orchard.The selected plants were propagated into clones by hedged cutting.Of the propagated clones,67 individuals with a fine rooting ability were selected for further testing under a completely random block design with 12 plants per plot and 10 replications.Four traits(seedling height,diameter above ground,number of branches and the length of the longest branch)were measured after one year's growth.Furthermore,a phenotypic analysis of variance model was constructed to estimate the values of genetic variance component and genetic environmental interaction effect variance component,and ASReml software was used to estimate in heritance and repeatability,respectively.【Result】After planting in the nursery for one year,the average seedling height,ground diamete,number of lateral branches and longest lateral branch length of the tested clones were 0.640 m,1.010 cm,10.30 and 0.28 m,respectively.The phenotypic variation coefficients of the four observed traits were 12.86%,14.88%,21.34% and 14.89%,respectively.There were notable genetic differences found in the traits of seedling height,diameter above ground,number of lateral branches,and length of the longest lateral branches among the tested clones,and the repeatability of the measured traits exceeded 0.74,and the estimated heritability remained stable at around 0.48.

关 键 词：杉木 无性系 短期测定 遗传和环境互作分量 重复力 早期选择 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]