中国城市群地区健康城市发展的综合评估及其影响因素  

Comprehensive evaluation and influencing factors of healthy cities in China's urban agglomerations

作　　者：吴康[1,2] 张静 李栋[3,4] WU Kang;ZHANG Jing;LI Dong(School of Urban Economics and Public Affairs,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Megaregions Sustainable Development Modeling,Beijing 100070,China;Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Tsinghua University Think Tank Research Center,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学城市经济与公共管理学院,北京100070 [2]城市群系统演化与可持续发展的决策模拟北京市重点实验室,北京100070 [3]清华大学中国新型城镇化研究院,北京100084 [4]清华大学智库中心,北京100084

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第6期1371-1390,共20页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171216,71733001);北京市自然科学基金暨市教委科技重点项目(KZ202210038047);清华大学自主科研计划(2022THZWJC15)。

摘　　要：健康城市是推进健康中国建设的重要方面,成为健康地理学研究的重要议题。城市群作为推进新型城镇化的主体形态,也应成为“健康中国”建设的主要空间承载区,开展城市群地区健康城市的发展评估兼具理论与实践价值。本文以覆盖中国19个城市群地区的地级以上城市为研究对象,基于健康城市内涵和相关评价模型,建立了多源数据融合的健康城市评估框架,运用CRITIC赋权、地理探测器等方法测度分析了2010年和2020年健康城市发展的时空格局及影响因素。结果表明:①2010—2020年中国城市群地区健康城市建设水平提升明显,健康综合指数向正偏态分布发展,整体由“腹地低—沿海沿边高”演变为以沿海和西南地区中心城市为引领的“多极化”健康格局。②中国城市群地区健康环境改善明显,差异缩小;健康服务仍趋极化,均等化水平不高;健康协同显著提升,城际健康网络加密;健康人群指数略有下降,并向中间收敛。③中国城市群地区健康城市初步形成以长三角、成渝为代表的高指数—高增长和北部城市群的低指数—低增长聚类的类型特征,且区域健康差异缩小,各城市群内部日益协调。④经济发展水平、城镇化建设进程及人力资本积累是影响健康城市发展的主要因素,科技创新、对外开放程度的解释力日益增加,健康城市发展有待向区域健康一体化转型。Research on urban health constitutes an important issue in the field of health geography and also a strong propeller of the Healthy China Initiative.As the main form that realizes new-type urbanization,urban agglomerations should become the primal sites for the construction of a"Healthy China".The evaluation of healthy cities'development in urban agglomerations has both theoretical and practical values.Based on the concept of urban health and its evaluation models,this paper developed an evaluation framework for healthy cities that involved multiple data sources.With 19 urban agglomerations in China as the research subjects,we used CRITIC weighting and geographical detectors to examine the spatial and temporal development patterns of healthy cities and their influencing factors in 2010 and 2020.The results were fourfold.Firstly,the urban health level of China significantly increased from 2010 to 2020,and the comprehensive health index developed towards a positive skewed distribution,along with a shift from"low in the hinterland-high in the coastal areas"to a"multipolar"pattern led by the coastal and southwest urban agglomerations.Secondly,among various dimensions of urban health,the healthy environment index became improved with narrowed regional differences;while the health services index was still polarized;health collaboration was upgraded with a strengthened intercity health networks;the healthy population index slightly declined and converged to the middle.Thirdly,urban health in China has initially demonstrated the characteristics of a H-H pattern in the Yangtze River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing regions,as well as L-L clusters in the northern urban agglomerations,the narrowed regional differences,and increasing coordination within each urban agglomeration.Fourthly,the geographical detector found that economy,urbanization and the human capital were significant external factors that affected urban health development.The explanatory power of technological innovation and openness to the outside world were also

关 键 词：健康城市 城市群 评价 影响因素 健康中国 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济]