战略性关键矿产的地缘政治研究  

Geopolitical study of strategic critical minerals

作　　者：夏启繁 杜德斌[1,2,3] XIA Qifan;DU Debin(Institute for Global Innovation and Development,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Center for World Geography and Geostrategic Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;School of Geographic Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Environmental and Energy Systems Studies,Lund University,Lund 22100,Sweden)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学世界地理与地缘战略研究中心,上海200062 [3]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [4]隆德大学环境与能源系统研究中心,瑞典隆德22100

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第6期1612-1628,共17页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA087)。

摘　　要：战略性关键矿产是主导未来能源转型和科技革命的关键原料。在全球气候变化和产业变革背景下,大国争夺战略性关键矿产的地缘政治现象已经日益凸显,有关研究却相对有限。为此,本文通过梳理战略性关键矿产的地缘政治研究,阐释战略性关键矿产的地缘政治逻辑,并尝试揭示出战略性关键矿产的基本地缘政治格局。当前战略性关键矿产的地缘政治研究仍以西方为主要阵地,国内研究尚处于起步阶段。战略性关键矿产的地缘政治问题由气候变化与能源转型所提升的需求意识、科技革命与军工革新所加剧的竞争意识,以及供应链高度集中所产生的危机意识联合驱动产生。工艺复杂和应用前沿决定了产业技术竞争引领关键矿产地缘政治的未来走势,因而大国始终是世界舞台中的绝对主角。美国是全球关键矿产地缘政治竞争的策源中心,中国虽具一定的禀赋优势,但正面临着严峻的安全挑战。中国应当敏锐洞悉、有所谋划,重点是以理论研究为基础,加强战略性关键矿产的地缘政治研究;以重点领域为抓手,完善战略性关键矿产的地缘经济部署;以国家需求为导向,构筑战略性关键矿产的地缘安全战略。Strategic critical minerals are essential materials that will dominate the energy transition and technological revolution.In the context of global climate change and industrial transformation,the geopolitical phenomenon of major powers competing for critical minerals has rapidly emerged,yet relevant research remains relatively limited.Therefore,this paper aims to summarize the geopolitical research on critical minerals,elucidate the geopolitical logic behind them,and reveal the geopolitical patterns of critical minerals.Geopolitical research on critical minerals continues to be dominated by the West,while the domestic research is still in its initial stage.The geopolitical issues on critical minerals are driven by the demand consciousness raised by climate change and energy transition,the competition consciousness intensified by technological revolution and military-industrial innovation,as well as the crisis consciousness generated by the high concentration of supply chain.Technological complexity and application frontiers have determined that industrial and technological competition will lead the geopolitical future of strategic critical minerals,and thus the major powers have always been the absolute protagonists on the world stage.The United States holds the center stage in global competition,and despite its resource endowment,China faces significant security challenges.China should be acutely aware of this reality and formulate appropriate plans.The focus should be on strengthening geopolitical research on critical minerals based on theoretical foundations,enhancing geo-economic deployment of critical minerals with a focus on key areas,and constructing geo-security strategy for critical minerals guided by national demand.

关 键 词：战略性关键矿产 地缘政治 气候变化 能源转型 高科技 

分 类 号：F416.1[经济管理—产业经济] K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学]